{ "edition": "Top 100 completed buildings", "reviewed": "2026-09-09", "engineering_reviewed": "2026-09-09", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 for the expanded compilation; Wikidata facts remain CC0; linked media retain their own licenses", "buildings": [ { "slug": "burj-khalifa", "name": "Burj Khalifa", "aka": [ "Khalifa Tower", "1 Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Boulevard" ], "wikidata": "Q12495", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 828, "height_tip_m": 829.8, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 163, "floors_below": 1, "started": 2004, "topped_out": 2009, "completed": 2010, "demolished": null, "inception": 2004, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.197222222222223, "lon": 55.274166666666666 }, "architect": [ "Skidmore Owings & Merrill" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "burj-khalifa.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Burj_Khalifa_(16260269606).jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0", "author": "Laika ac", "width": 1800, "height": 1200, "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12495", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Khalifa", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ctbuh", "label": "CTBUH / Skyscraper Center, manually checked", "url": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-khalifa/3" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikidata" ], "status": [ "wikidata" ], "city": [ "wikidata" ], "country": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_above": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_below": [ "wikidata" ], "completed": [ "wikidata", "ctbuh" ], "inception": [ "wikidata" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikidata" ], "height_tip_m": [ "wikidata" ], "height_occupied_m": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "ctbuh" ], "type": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "started": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "topped_out": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikidata", "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ] }, "summary": "828 metres tall, Burj Khalifa is a completed mixed-use skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Its architectural height includes the spire, while its 829.8-metre tip height includes equipment above it. It opened in 2010 and has 163 above-ground floors. Architectural height is the measure used for the main building ranking. Burj Khalifa combines hotel, residential and office uses in one tower. The separate height categories matter when comparing it with towers whose antennae extend above their roofs.", "notes": "The current Skyscraper Center lists the highest occupied floor at 585.4 metres, while the retrieved Wikidata statement lists 584.5 metres and the supplied prompt uses 585 metres. This field remains unpublished pending reconciliation. Observation decks and The Lounge are different visitor experiences and need separate dated measurements.", "updated": "2026-09-24", "verification": { "state": "verified", "checked": [ { "field": "height_architectural_m", "sources": [ "wikidata", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Architectural height agrees at 828 m." }, { "field": "status", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Completed building." }, { "field": "completed", "sources": [ "wikidata", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Uses 2010 occupancy completion rather than structural work in 2009." } ], "notes": [ "Occupied-floor measurement withheld because source values disagree." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": { "headline": "Three wings that buttress one another.", "credits": [ { "firm": "Skidmore, Owings & Merrill", "role": "Architecture and structural design", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.som.com/projects/burj-khalifa/" }, { "firm": "Skidmore, Owings & Merrill", "role": "Structural engineering, led by William F. Baker", "kind": "Structural engineer", "source": "https://www.som.com/news/meet-the-man-behind-burj-khalifa/" }, { "firm": "Samsung C&T", "role": "Main contractor, joint venture", "kind": "Builder", "source": "https://www.besix.com/en/projects/burj-khalifa" }, { "firm": "BESIX / Six Construct", "role": "Main contractor, joint venture", "kind": "Builder", "source": "https://www.besix.com/en/projects/burj-khalifa" }, { "firm": "Arabtec", "role": "Main contractor, joint venture", "kind": "Builder", "source": "https://www.besix.com/en/projects/burj-khalifa" } ], "metrics": [ { "label": "Foundation mat", "value": "3.7 m thick", "source": "https://www.burjkhalifa.ae/the-tower/structures/" }, { "label": "Bored piles", "value": "1.5 m × 43 m", "source": "https://www.burjkhalifa.ae/the-tower/structures/" }, { "label": "Concrete pumping", "value": "585 m", "source": "https://www.besix.com/en/projects/burj-khalifa" } ], "sections": [ { "title": "Structural system & load path", "text": "SOM arranged three concrete wings around a six-sided core. Each wing braces the other two, while the central cell supplies torsional stiffness. The setback geometry aligns columns above with walls below, avoiding disruptive transfers as the floor plate reduces. Gravity and lateral resistance follow the same disciplined geometry.", "source": "https://www.som.com/projects/burj-khalifa/" }, { "title": "Foundations & durability", "text": "A reinforced-concrete mat, 3.7 metres thick, distributes the tower load to bored piles 1.5 metres in diameter and 43 metres long. The mat was cast in four pours totalling 12,500 cubic metres. Low-permeability concrete forms part of the foundation durability strategy.", "source": "https://www.burjkhalifa.ae/the-tower/structures/" }, { "title": "How it was built", "text": "The Samsung C&T, Six Construct and Arabtec joint venture had to coordinate cranes, labour and material supply vertically. BESIX reports concrete pumping to 585 metres and cycles reaching two floors per week. Special mixes and predominantly night-time pours addressed temperatures exceeding 45°C.", "source": "https://www.besix.com/en/projects/burj-khalifa" }, { "title": "Wind, facade & services", "text": "Successive setbacks change the shape the wind encounters, reducing coherent vortex formation. The envelope uses silver-coated glazing to limit solar gain. Mechanical equipment is distributed through double-height service floors; the design also collects air-conditioning condensate for reuse. The steel spire was assembled inside the building and hydraulically raised into position.", "source": "https://www.burjkhalifa.ae/the-tower/structures/" } ] } }, { "slug": "merdeka-118", "name": "Merdeka 118", "aka": [ "KL118", "Warisan Merdeka", "PNB 118", "Merdeka PNB 118" ], "wikidata": "Q7969454", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 678.9, "height_tip_m": 680.5, "height_occupied_m": 502.8, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 118, "floors_below": 5, "started": 2014, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2023, "demolished": null, "inception": 2023, "city": "kuala-lumpur", "country": "MY", "coordinates": { "lat": 3.1416666666666666, "lon": 101.70072222222223 }, "architect": [ "Fender Katsalidis", "RSP Architects Planners & Engineers" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "merdeka-118.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Merdeka_Tower_20241022_-_full_2.jpg", "license": "CC0", "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en", "author": "Ahmad Ali Karim", "width": 755, "height": 1200, "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7969454", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merdeka_118", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ctbuh", "label": "CTBUH / Skyscraper Center, manually checked", "url": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/merdeka-118/10115" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikidata" ], "status": [ "wikidata" ], "city": [ "wikidata" ], "country": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_above": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_below": [ "wikidata" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "inception": [ "wikidata" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "type": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "height_tip_m": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "height_occupied_m": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "started": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ] }, "summary": "678.9 metres tall, Merdeka 118 is a mixed-use skyscraper in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Its architectural height differs from its 680.5-metre tip height. The project reached completion in 2023, with a ceremonial opening in 2024. Its name is retained here as Merdeka 118 so that links remain stable even as the tower's official name changes. Office, hotel and visitor facilities occupy different parts of the development. Completion of the tower does not mean that every tenant or visitor experience opened on the same date.", "notes": "The Skyscraper Center now calls the building Menara Merdeka Maybank. The stable Merdeka 118 slug is retained. Observation-height reports describe different spaces and some visitor facilities have opened later than the tower itself. No observation-deck record is asserted until the operating facility and measurement are confirmed.", "updated": "2026-09-24", "verification": { "state": "verified", "checked": [ { "field": "height_architectural_m", "sources": [ "wikidata", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Architectural height agrees at 678.9 m." }, { "field": "status", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Completed tower with phased tenant opening." }, { "field": "completed", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "2023 completion distinguished from 2024 inauguration." } ], "notes": [ "Observation-deck height and opening status need separate verification." ] }, "city_name": "Kuala Lumpur", "country_name": "Malaysia", "engineering": { "headline": "High-performance concrete, a stiff core and a carefully engineered spire.", "credits": [ { "firm": "Fender Katsalidis", "role": "Design architect", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://store.ctbuh.org/index.php?controller=attachment&id_attachment=183" }, { "firm": "RSP Architects", "role": "Architect of record", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://store.ctbuh.org/index.php?controller=attachment&id_attachment=183" }, { "firm": "LERA", "role": "Structural design", "kind": "Structural engineer", "source": "https://store.ctbuh.org/index.php?controller=attachment&id_attachment=183" }, { "firm": "Robert Bird Group", "role": "Structural design", "kind": "Structural engineer", "source": "https://store.ctbuh.org/index.php?controller=attachment&id_attachment=183" }, { "firm": "Arup", "role": "Civil and structural engineer of record", "kind": "Structural engineer", "source": "https://www.arup.com/projects/merdeka-118/" }, { "firm": "Samsung C&T", "role": "Main contractor, SUJV", "kind": "Builder", "source": "https://store.ctbuh.org/index.php?controller=attachment&id_attachment=183" }, { "firm": "UEM Builders", "role": "Main contractor, SUJV", "kind": "Builder", "source": "https://store.ctbuh.org/index.php?controller=attachment&id_attachment=183" } ], "metrics": [ { "label": "Outrigger zones", "value": "3 sets", "source": "https://www.arup.com/projects/merdeka-118/" }, { "label": "Outrigger depth", "value": "3 storeys each", "source": "https://www.arup.com/projects/merdeka-118/" }, { "label": "Excavation restraint", "value": "Circular cofferdam", "source": "https://www.arup.com/projects/merdeka-118/" } ], "sections": [ { "title": "Core, mega-columns & outriggers", "text": "High-performance concrete in the core and mega-columns works with three sets of three-storey-deep outriggers. Arup describes a mix combining high stiffness, strength and workability. This allowed smaller structural members while maintaining resistance to wind loading.", "source": "https://www.arup.com/projects/merdeka-118/" }, { "title": "Excavation beside national landmarks", "text": "A circular cofferdam retained the excavation using hoop action. Its self-supporting geometry removed the need for internal struts or ground anchors. Geotechnical monitoring tracked settlement and lateral movement near Stadium Merdeka and Stadium Negara.", "source": "https://www.arup.com/projects/merdeka-118/" }, { "title": "How it was built", "text": "Samsung C&T and UEM Builders delivered the tower as SUJV. Arup and the contractor co-developed a pumpable concrete mix for high-elevation placement, balancing flow, stiffness and heat of hydration. This made concrete technology central to the construction strategy, rather than simply specifying greater strength.", "source": "https://www.arup.com/projects/merdeka-118/" }, { "title": "Spire dynamics & fatigue", "text": "The slender spire uses a three-dimensional space truss. Aeroelastic wind-tunnel testing established its wind response, and fatigue analysis examined connections under repeated daily wind events. Strength alone was insufficient: vibration and accumulated cyclic damage were explicit design concerns.", "source": "https://www.arup.com/projects/merdeka-118/" } ] } }, { "slug": "shanghai-tower", "name": "Shanghai Tower", "aka": [ "Shanghai Center" ], "wikidata": "Q18547", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 632, "height_tip_m": 632, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 128, "floors_below": 5, "started": 2008, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2015, "demolished": null, "inception": 2014, "city": "shanghai", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 31.2355, "lon": 121.501 }, "architect": [ "Gensler" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "shanghai-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shanghai_Shanghai_Tower_5166304.jpg", "license": "CC0", "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en", "author": "Ermell", "width": 900, "height": 1200, "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18547", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ctbuh", "label": "CTBUH / Skyscraper Center, manually checked", "url": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/shanghai-tower/56" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikidata" ], "status": [ "wikidata" ], "city": [ "wikidata" ], "country": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_above": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_below": [ "wikidata" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "inception": [ "wikidata" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "height_tip_m": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "started": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikidata", "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ] }, "summary": "632 metres tall, Shanghai Tower is a mixed-use skyscraper in Shanghai, China. Its architectural and tip heights are the same. The completed tower stands in the Lujiazui district alongside other major skyscrapers. This directory uses 2015 as its occupancy-completion year, distinguishing that milestone from structural work reported in 2014. The building contains office and visitor facilities, with separate measurements for its highest occupied floor and observation areas. Those measurements should not be substituted for its architectural height when comparing buildings.", "notes": "Wikidata supplies a 2014 opening claim, while the Skyscraper Center uses 2015 completion and Wikipedia distinguishes 2014 completion work from a 2015 opening. Occupied-floor figures differ between 583.4 and 583.5 metres. Observation facilities and their operating dates require a separate check before assigning a record.", "updated": "2026-09-24", "verification": { "state": "verified", "checked": [ { "field": "height_architectural_m", "sources": [ "wikidata", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Architectural height agrees at 632 m." }, { "field": "status", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Completed building." }, { "field": "completed", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Uses 2015 occupancy completion rather than structural completion." } ], "notes": [ "Occupied-floor measurement withheld because source values disagree." ] }, "city_name": "Shanghai", "country_name": "China", "engineering": { "headline": "A twisting envelope around a core-and-outrigger structure.", "credits": [ { "firm": "Gensler", "role": "Design architect", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.gensler.com/projects/shanghai-tower" }, { "firm": "Thornton Tomasetti", "role": "Structural design and curtain-wall peer review", "kind": "Structural engineer", "source": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/project/shanghai-tower" }, { "firm": "Shanghai Construction Group", "role": "Construction delivery", "kind": "Builder", "source": "https://academic.hep.com.cn/fem/article/0000/2095-7513/FEM-17001-GJ.shtml" } ], "metrics": [ { "label": "Facade rotation", "value": "120°", "source": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/project/shanghai-tower" }, { "label": "Reported wind-load reduction", "value": "24%", "source": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/project/shanghai-tower" }, { "label": "Foundation piles", "value": "1,079", "source": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/project/shanghai-tower" } ], "sections": [ { "title": "Core, outriggers & super-columns", "text": "A concrete core approximately 27 metres square connects through outrigger trusses to super-columns. The core and perimeter act together to resist wind and seismic effects. The foundation uses 1,079 deep piles. The visible twist belongs to the facade geometry; the structural organisation remains comparatively regular.", "source": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/project/shanghai-tower" }, { "title": "Aerodynamics & occupant comfort", "text": "Thornton Tomasetti reports a 24% wind-load reduction from refinement of the tower form. A double-hung pendulum tuned mass damper further limits wind-induced movement. These address different problems: shaping reduces excitation, while the damper controls the response experienced by occupants.", "source": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/project/shanghai-tower" }, { "title": "How it was built", "text": "Shanghai Construction Group used bottom-up construction for the tower inside a circular diaphragm wall, with top-down construction around the podium. A 6-metre foundation slab required a continuous mass-concrete pour. An integrated climbing platform combined scaffold, forms and supports. The contractor reports C60 concrete pumping to 582 metres, with other mixes pumped higher.", "source": "https://academic.hep.com.cn/fem/article/0000/2095-7513/FEM-17001-GJ.shtml" }, { "title": "Double-skin facade", "text": "Gensler organised the tower as stacked vertical communities, with atrium spaces between the inner and outer enclosures. This creates a buffer between occupied rooms and the weather. The facade had to accommodate twisting geometry while remaining coordinated with floor edges and supporting structure.", "source": "https://www.gensler.com/uploads/document/242/file/Shanghai_Tower_Facade_Design_Process_11_10_2011.pdf" } ] } }, { "slug": "makkah-clock-royal-tower-hotel", "name": "Makkah Royal Clock Tower", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q18712428", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 601, "height_tip_m": 601, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 120, "floors_below": 3, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2012, "demolished": null, "inception": 2010, "city": "mecca", "country": "SA", "coordinates": { "lat": 21.418888888889, "lon": 39.826388888889 }, "architect": [ "Dar al-Handasah Shair & Partners" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "makkah-royal-clock-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Makkah_Royal_Clock_Tower_in_2012.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "King Eliot", "width": 675, "height": 1200, "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18712428", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah_Clock_Royal_Tower_Hotel", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ctbuh", "label": "CTBUH / Skyscraper Center, manually checked", "url": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/makkah-royal-clock-tower-hotel/84" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikidata" ], "status": [ "wikidata" ], "city": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "country": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_above": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_below": [ "wikidata" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "inception": [ "wikidata" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "type": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "height_tip_m": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "architect": [ "ctbuh" ], "summary": [ "wikidata", "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ] }, "summary": "601 metres tall, Makkah Royal Clock Tower is a completed mixed-use building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Its architectural and tip heights are equal. The main tower is part of the larger Abraj Al Bait development. This directory treats the individual tower as the ranked building and uses 2012 as its occupancy-completion year. Figures for the entire complex should not be substituted for the tower itself.", "notes": "This record covers the main clock tower, not every building in the Abraj Al Bait complex. The 2012 occupancy milestone is distinguished from reports of construction completion in 2011.", "updated": "2026-09-24", "verification": { "state": "verified", "checked": [ { "field": "height_architectural_m", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared the retrieved sources and retained the explicit height category." }, { "field": "status", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared the retrieved sources and retained the explicit height category." }, { "field": "completed", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Occupancy-completion year distinguished from structural work." } ], "notes": [ "This record covers the main clock tower, not every building in the Abraj Al Bait complex. The 2012 occupancy milestone is distinguished from reports of construction completion in 2011." ] }, "city_name": "Mecca", "country_name": "Saudi Arabia", "engineering": { "headline": "A concrete tower that becomes progressively lighter toward its clock and crown.", "credits": [ { "firm": "Dar Al-Handasah", "role": "Tower architecture and engineering", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.mayr-ludescher.com/mecca-clock-tower-saudi-arabia-mtt.html" }, { "firm": "SL Rasch", "role": "Clock tower top design", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.sl-rasch.com/en/projects/the-makkah-royal-clock-tower/" }, { "firm": "Mayr | Ludescher | Partner", "role": "Structural design and execution planning above +347 m", "kind": "Structural engineer", "source": "https://www.mayr-ludescher.com/mecca-clock-tower-saudi-arabia-mtt.html" }, { "firm": "Saudi Binladin Group", "role": "Construction delivery", "kind": "Builder", "source": "https://www.mayr-ludescher.com/mecca-clock-tower-saudi-arabia-mtt.html" } ], "metrics": [ { "label": "Composite transition", "value": "+347 m", "source": "https://www.mayr-ludescher.com/mecca-clock-tower-saudi-arabia-mtt.html" }, { "label": "Steel upper structure", "value": "Above +513 m", "source": "https://www.mayr-ludescher.com/mecca-clock-tower-saudi-arabia-mtt.html" }, { "label": "Crescent diameter", "value": "23 m", "source": "https://www.mayr-ludescher.com/mecca-clock-tower-saudi-arabia-mtt.html" } ], "sections": [ { "title": "A changing structural system", "text": "The lower tower uses reinforced concrete. Above approximately 347 metres, steel-concrete composite construction reduces self-weight; above 513 metres, the upper structure is steel. The lateral system changes from core walls to a lighter trussed tube, following the demands of the increasingly slender crown.", "source": "https://www.mayr-ludescher.com/mecca-clock-tower-saudi-arabia-mtt.html" }, { "title": "The clock is a structural project", "text": "SL Rasch was commissioned after the underlying hotel towers had already been structurally calculated. The clock addition therefore had a weight constraint. Four V-shaped supports carry the upper assembly, converging into the spire structure. Composite steel and concrete sections provide capacity while controlling dead load.", "source": "https://www.sl-rasch.com/en/projects/the-makkah-royal-clock-tower/" }, { "title": "How it was built", "text": "The specialist engineering scope extended beyond the permanent frame to erection planning, fabrication quality control and temporary crane supports. Both internal and external climbing cranes required engineered bracing. The transition between concrete, composite and steel construction made connection detailing and erection-stage stability central to delivery.", "source": "https://www.mayr-ludescher.com/mecca-clock-tower-saudi-arabia-mtt.html" }, { "title": "Lightweight components at extreme height", "text": "The clock hands use carbon-fibre shells, with stiffness supplied by their skins. The 23-metre crescent is a self-supporting fibre-composite structure. Using these materials limits the mass of large components exposed to wind at the top of the building.", "source": "https://www.gurit.com/makkah-clock-tower-ksa/" } ] } }, { "slug": "ping-an-finance-centre", "name": "Ping An Finance Centre", "aka": [ "Ping An IFC", "Ping'an International Finance Center", "Ping An International Finance Center", "Ping An Finance Center", "PAFC", "Ping An International Finance Centre" ], "wikidata": "Q1077308", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 599.1, "height_tip_m": 599.1, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 115, "floors_below": 5, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2017, "demolished": null, "inception": 2017, "city": "shenzhen", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.536666666667, "lon": 114.05027777778 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "ping-an-finance-centre.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pingan_International_Finance_Center2020.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Charlie fong", "width": 675, "height": 1200, "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077308", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping_An_Finance_Centre", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ctbuh", "label": "CTBUH / Skyscraper Center, manually checked", "url": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/wd/54" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikidata" ], "status": [ "wikidata" ], "city": [ "wikidata" ], "country": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "floors_below": [ "wikidata" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "inception": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "ctbuh" ], "type": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "height_tip_m": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "summary": [ "wikidata", "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ] }, "summary": "599.1 metres tall, Ping An Finance Centre is a completed office skyscraper in Shenzhen, China. It was completed in 2017. Its architectural height and tip height are equal, so antenna height does not change its position in those two comparisons. Kohn Pedersen Fox designed the tower. This record uses the physical floor count in the Skyscraper Center rather than the highest numbered level.", "notes": "Wikidata gives an unqualified height of 599.05 m. Wikipedia and the Skyscraper Center give architectural height as 599.1 m. Floor labels, occupied-floor heights and observation figures differ between sources. The canonical floor count uses the Skyscraper Center definition.", "updated": "2026-09-24", "verification": { "state": "verified", "checked": [ { "field": "height_architectural_m", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared the retrieved sources and retained the explicit height category." }, { "field": "status", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared the retrieved sources and retained the explicit height category." }, { "field": "completed", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Occupancy-completion year distinguished from structural work." } ], "notes": [ "Wikidata gives an unqualified height of 599.05 m. Wikipedia and the Skyscraper Center give architectural height as 599.1 m. Floor labels, occupied-floor heights and observation figures differ between sources. The canonical floor count uses the Skyscraper Center definition." ] }, "city_name": "Shenzhen", "country_name": "China", "engineering": { "headline": "Eight super-columns and a braced perimeter share the lateral work.", "credits": [ { "firm": "Kohn Pedersen Fox", "role": "Design architect", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.kpf.com/project/ping-an-finance-centre" }, { "firm": "CCDI", "role": "Local design institute", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.kpf.com/project/ping-an-finance-centre" }, { "firm": "Thornton Tomasetti", "role": "Structural and performance-based seismic design", "kind": "Structural engineer", "source": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/project/ping-international-finance-centre-north-tower" }, { "firm": "China State Construction Engineering Corporation", "role": "Main construction group", "kind": "Builder", "source": "https://english.cscec.com/Business_en/HousingConstruction/" } ], "metrics": [ { "label": "Super-columns", "value": "8", "source": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/project/ping-international-finance-centre-north-tower" }, { "label": "Belt-truss zones", "value": "7 double-layer sets", "source": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/project/ping-international-finance-centre-north-tower" }, { "label": "Lateral system", "value": "Core + braced frame", "source": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/project/ping-international-finance-centre-north-tower" } ], "sections": [ { "title": "Structural system & load path", "text": "A composite concrete core connects to eight super-columns through steel outriggers. Seven double-layer belt-truss zones tie the perimeter together at mechanical and refuge levels. Large diagonal members connect these zones on each face, producing an exterior braced system in addition to the core.", "source": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/project/ping-international-finance-centre-north-tower" }, { "title": "Seismic design", "text": "Thornton Tomasetti used nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis in the performance-based seismic review. This evaluates the response to earthquake records beyond a purely elastic force check. The design was developed through multiple alternatives and scrutiny by a seismic expert panel.", "source": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/project/ping-international-finance-centre-north-tower" }, { "title": "How it was built", "text": "CSCEC used an integrated construction platform that carried a large tower crane and climbed with the works. The platform coordinated surveying, steel erection, reinforcement fixing, formwork and concrete placement. Combining these operations reduced separate handling steps and provided a working area for several processes at elevation.", "source": "https://en.cscec.com/CompanyNews/CorporateNews/202107/3367622.html" }, { "title": "Architecture & usable floor plates", "text": "KPF and local design institute CCDI organised the headquarters around more than 100 floors of offices, with retail and conference space in the podium. The public atrium and connections to adjacent properties and transit address circulation at the base, where a supertall building meets the city.", "source": "https://www.kpf.com/project/ping-an-finance-centre" } ] } }, { "slug": "lotte-world-tower", "name": "Lotte World Tower", "aka": [ "Lotte Super Tower", "Lotte Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q494895", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 554.5, "height_tip_m": 555.7, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 123, "floors_below": 6, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2017, "demolished": null, "inception": 2016, "city": "seoul", "country": "KR", "coordinates": { "lat": 37.5125, "lon": 127.1025 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "lotte-world-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lotte_World_morning_view_8.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "kallerna", "width": 1756, "height": 1200, "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494895", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotte_World_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ctbuh", "label": "CTBUH / Skyscraper Center, manually checked", "url": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/lotte-world-tower/88" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikidata" ], "status": [ "wikidata" ], "city": [ "wikidata" ], "country": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_above": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_below": [ "wikidata" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "inception": [ "wikidata" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikidata", "ctbuh" ], "height_tip_m": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "ctbuh" ], "type": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "summary": [ "wikidata", "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ] }, "summary": "554.5 metres is the architectural height of Lotte World Tower in Seoul, South Korea. The mixed-use skyscraper opened in 2017. Its 555.7-metre tip height is a separate measurement, while general descriptions often round the architectural height to 555 metres. The tower includes office, residential, hotel and visitor uses. Comparisons in this directory retain the architectural measurement rather than substituting the rounded description.", "notes": "The architectural height is 554.5 m in Wikidata and the Skyscraper Center; Wikipedia commonly rounds to 555 m. Its 555.7 m tip is a distinct measure. The completion field uses the 2017 opening milestone.", "updated": "2026-09-24", "verification": { "state": "verified", "checked": [ { "field": "height_architectural_m", "sources": [ "wikidata", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared the retrieved sources and retained the explicit height category." }, { "field": "status", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared the retrieved sources and retained the explicit height category." }, { "field": "completed", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Occupancy-completion year distinguished from structural work." } ], "notes": [ "The architectural height is 554.5 m in Wikidata and the Skyscraper Center; Wikipedia commonly rounds to 555 m. Its 555.7 m tip is a distinct measure. The completion field uses the 2017 opening milestone." ] }, "city_name": "Seoul", "country_name": "South Korea", "engineering": { "headline": "Long-span floors carried between eight concrete mega-columns.", "credits": [ { "firm": "Kohn Pedersen Fox", "role": "Design architect", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.lera.com/lotte-world-tower" }, { "firm": "LERA", "role": "Structural design", "kind": "Structural engineer", "source": "https://www.lera.com/lotte-world-tower" }, { "firm": "Lotte Engineering & Construction", "role": "Main contractor", "kind": "Builder", "source": "https://www.lottecon.co.kr/UpFiles/AttachFile/SR/2018/lottecon_SR_eng_full_2018.pdf" } ], "metrics": [ { "label": "Mega-columns", "value": "8", "source": "https://www.lera.com/lotte-world-tower" }, { "label": "Spandrel spans", "value": "Up to 24.5 m", "source": "https://www.lera.com/lotte-world-tower" }, { "label": "Foundation mat", "value": "6.5 m thick", "source": "https://www.lottecon.co.kr/UpFiles/AttachFile/SR/2018/lottecon_SR_eng_full_2018.pdf" } ], "sections": [ { "title": "Structure & floor planning", "text": "Concrete core walls and eight mega-columns form the primary system, linked by outriggers and belt trusses. The office and officetel levels use long-span spandrels up to 24.5 metres between columns. At corners, these members cantilever approximately 14 metres while following the curved floor edge.", "source": "https://www.lera.com/lotte-world-tower" }, { "title": "Deflection, vibration & transfers", "text": "Those long corner cantilevers made floor deflection and vibration important serviceability checks. Belt trusses manage changes in column layout between uses: hotel columns transfer toward the mega-column arrangement below, and the upper diagrid lantern connects through another structural transition.", "source": "https://www.lera.com/lotte-world-tower" }, { "title": "How it was built from the ground up", "text": "Lotte E&C reports a foundation mat 72 metres square and 6.5 metres thick. That massive concrete base supports a mixed concrete-and-steel superstructure. Construction then had to coordinate core and mega-column work with the long-span floor framing and the transfer zones between the tower’s different uses.", "source": "https://www.lottecon.co.kr/UpFiles/AttachFile/SR/2018/lottecon_SR_eng_full_2018.pdf" }, { "title": "Form as wind engineering", "text": "The taper helps reduce wind loading, but creates changing geometry and structural spans over the tower height. LERA studied several perimeter arrangements before the owner selected long-span spandrels for the lower occupied zones. The choice traded simpler intermediate supports for more open floor plans.", "source": "https://www.lera.com/lotte-world-tower" } ] } }, { "slug": "one-world-trade-center", "name": "One World Trade Center", "aka": [ "Freedom Tower", "1 World Trade Center", "One WTC", "New One World Trade Center", "285 Fulton Street" ], "wikidata": "Q11245", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 541.3, "height_tip_m": 546.2, "height_occupied_m": 386.5, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 94, "floors_below": 5, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2014, "demolished": null, "inception": 2014, "city": "new-york-city", "country": "US", "coordinates": { "lat": 40.713, "lon": -74.0135 }, "architect": [ "Skidmore Owings & Merrill" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "one-world-trade-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:One_World_Trade_Center,_New_York_(33224081040).jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0", "author": "Pedro Szekely from Los Angeles, USA", "width": 697, "height": 1200, "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11245", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_World_Trade_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ctbuh", "label": "CTBUH / Skyscraper Center", "url": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-world-trade-center/98" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "type": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "status": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "city": [ "wikidata" ], "country": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_below": [ "wikidata" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "inception": [ "wikidata" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "height_tip_m": [ "wikidata" ], "height_occupied_m": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "name": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ] }, "summary": "541.3 metres tall, One World Trade Center is a completed office skyscraper. It reached occupancy completion in 2014 and has 94 above-ground floors under the Skyscraper Center definition. The spire is part of its architectural height. The building is distinct from the former World Trade Center towers.", "notes": "The spire is part of its architectural height. The building is distinct from the former World Trade Center towers.", "updated": "2026-09-24", "verification": { "state": "verified", "checked": [ { "field": "height_architectural_m", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared completed status, architectural category and completion milestone." }, { "field": "status", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared completed status, architectural category and completion milestone." }, { "field": "completed", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared completed status, architectural category and completion milestone." } ], "notes": [] }, "city_name": "New York City", "country_name": "United States", "engineering": { "headline": "A high-strength concrete core paired with a ductile steel perimeter.", "credits": [ { "firm": "Skidmore, Owings & Merrill", "role": "Design architect", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.wsp.com/en-me/projects/one-world-trade-center" }, { "firm": "WSP", "role": "Structural engineering, formerly WSP Cantor Seinuk", "kind": "Structural engineer", "source": "https://www.wsp.com/en-me/projects/one-world-trade-center" }, { "firm": "Tishman Construction", "role": "General contractor", "kind": "Builder", "source": "https://sections.arcelormittal.com/Project_gallery/One_World_Trade_Center/EN" } ], "metrics": [ { "label": "Core concrete strength", "value": "14,000 psi", "source": "https://www.wsp.com/en-me/projects/one-world-trade-center" }, { "label": "Structural system", "value": "Concrete + steel", "source": "https://sections.arcelormittal.com/Project_gallery/One_World_Trade_Center/EN" }, { "label": "Steel supplied by ArcelorMittal", "value": "12,500 tonnes", "source": "https://sections.arcelormittal.com/Project_gallery/One_World_Trade_Center/EN" } ], "sections": [ { "title": "Core and perimeter work together", "text": "The reinforced-concrete core works with a ductile perimeter steel moment frame to resist gravity, wind and seismic effects. Floor beams span from the core to the exterior, keeping office areas comparatively open. This hybrid differs fundamentally from the perimeter-tube arrangement of the original towers.", "source": "https://sections.arcelormittal.com/Project_gallery/One_World_Trade_Center/EN" }, { "title": "Materials & member size", "text": "WSP reports core concrete reaching 14,000 psi, approximately 97 MPa. Greater strength helped control wall thickness, structural weight and rentable-area loss. Its concrete mix replaced more than half the cement content with industrial by-products. The project also used substantial recycled steel.", "source": "https://www.wsp.com/en-me/projects/one-world-trade-center" }, { "title": "How it was built", "text": "Tishman coordinated the reinforced-concrete core and steel frame. ArcelorMittal supplied 12,500 tonnes of structural steel, primarily large Grade 65 sections. The resulting construction combines cast-in-place walls with fabricated beam-and-column assemblies, rather than relying on a single structural material throughout.", "source": "https://sections.arcelormittal.com/Project_gallery/One_World_Trade_Center/EN" }, { "title": "Egress integrated into the structure", "text": "The core encloses access stairs and a dedicated stair for first responders. Enhanced fireproofing, redundant water supplies and protected circulation were integrated into the structure and floor planning. These are specific design features of this building, not a claim that any tower is immune to fire or impact.", "source": "https://sections.arcelormittal.com/Project_gallery/One_World_Trade_Center/EN" } ] } }, { "slug": "ctf-finance-centre", "name": "Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre", "aka": [ "The CTF Guangzhou", "Chow Tai Fook Centre", "Guangzhou East Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q168575", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 530, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 111, "floors_below": 4, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2016, "demolished": null, "inception": 2016, "city": "guangzhou", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 23.12027778, "lon": 113.32055556 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "guangzhou-ctf-finance-centre.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guangzhou_CTF_Finance_Centre_02-10-2018.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Milkomède", "width": 800, "height": 1200, "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168575", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou_CTF_Finance_Centre", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ctbuh", "label": "CTBUH / Skyscraper Center", "url": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/guangzhou-ctf-finance-centre/176" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "status": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "city": [ "wikidata" ], "country": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "floors_below": [ "wikidata" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "inception": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "name": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "type": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ] }, "summary": "530 metres tall, Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre is a completed mixed-use skyscraper. It reached occupancy completion in 2016 and has 111 above-ground floors under the Skyscraper Center definition. Also known as the East Tower, this building combines offices, apartments and hotel accommodation.", "notes": "Also known as the East Tower, this building combines offices, apartments and hotel accommodation.", "updated": "2026-09-24", "verification": { "state": "verified", "checked": [ { "field": "height_architectural_m", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared completed status, architectural category and completion milestone." }, { "field": "status", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared completed status, architectural category and completion milestone." }, { "field": "completed", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared completed status, architectural category and completion milestone." } ], "notes": [] }, "city_name": "Guangzhou", "country_name": "China", "engineering": { "headline": "Structural planning shaped by offices, residences and a hotel in one tower.", "credits": [ { "firm": "Kohn Pedersen Fox", "role": "Design architect", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.kpf.com/project/ctf-finance-centre" }, { "firm": "Leigh & Orange", "role": "Associate architect", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.kpf.com/project/ctf-finance-centre" }, { "firm": "Guangzhou Design Institute", "role": "Architect of record", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/ctf-finance-centre/176" }, { "firm": "Arup", "role": "Structural, fire and geotechnical engineering", "kind": "Structural engineer", "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/ctf-finance-centre/176" }, { "firm": "China Construction Eighth Engineering Division", "role": "Main contractor", "kind": "Builder", "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/ctf-finance-centre/176" } ], "metrics": [ { "label": "Architectural height", "value": "530 m", "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/ctf-finance-centre/176" }, { "label": "Core width", "value": "32 m", "source": "https://www.scribd.com/document/558090203/1888-a-new-skyline-vision-ctf-towers-in-guangzhou-and-tianjin" }, { "label": "Core / column concrete", "value": "C80", "source": "https://www.scribd.com/document/558090203/1888-a-new-skyline-vision-ctf-towers-in-guangzhou-and-tianjin" } ], "sections": [ { "title": "Core, mega-columns & foundations", "text": "The developer’s 2014 technical paper describes a 32-metre square core and eight concrete-filled steel-tube mega-columns on mat and pad foundations bearing on rock. Four outrigger levels and six double-layer belt-truss sets link the structure at mechanical and refuge floors. C80 concrete reduced required wall thickness.", "source": "https://www.scribd.com/document/558090203/1888-a-new-skyline-vision-ctf-towers-in-guangzhou-and-tianjin" }, { "title": "Stacked uses & changing floor plates", "text": "KPF organised four main transition points as the programme moves upward from offices to residences, hotel and sky lobby. The changes in volume correspond to different occupancy needs. The tower also connects to transport below ground and neighbouring buildings by pedestrian bridges.", "source": "https://www.kpf.com/project/ctf-finance-centre" }, { "title": "How it was built: delayed connections", "text": "The construction sequence delayed final outrigger connections to the mega-columns. This allowed for differential shortening between the columns and core, limiting locked-in stresses. The developer’s paper also records wind-tunnel studies and a 1:40-scale shaking-table test used to assess the proposed seismic behaviour.", "source": "https://www.scribd.com/document/558090203/1888-a-new-skyline-vision-ctf-towers-in-guangzhou-and-tianjin" }, { "title": "Envelope & building services", "text": "The terracotta piers shade the glazed facade while preserving views. KPF also identifies high-efficiency chillers and heat recovery as part of the environmental strategy. At this scale, shading, cooling loads and space allocation for plant are interdependent architectural and engineering choices.", "source": "https://www.kpf.com/project/ctf-finance-centre" } ] } }, { "slug": "tianjin-chow-tai-fook-binhai-center", "name": "Tianjin CTF Finance Centre", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q10939987", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 530, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 97, "floors_below": 4, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2019, "demolished": null, "inception": 2019, "city": "tianjin", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 39.02138055555555, "lon": 117.69846111111111 }, "architect": [ "Skidmore Owings & Merrill" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "tianjin-ctf-finance-centre.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tianjin_CTF_Finance_Centre,_21_of_24.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "BD2412", "width": 900, "height": 1200, "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10939987", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianjin_CTF_Finance_Centre", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ctbuh", "label": "CTBUH / Skyscraper Center", "url": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/tianjin-ctf-finance-centre/310" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "city": [ "wikidata" ], "country": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "floors_below": [ "wikidata" ], "inception": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "name": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "type": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "status": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ] }, "summary": "530 metres tall, Tianjin CTF Finance Centre is a completed mixed-use skyscraper. It reached occupancy completion in 2019 and has 97 above-ground floors under the Skyscraper Center definition. It shares its architectural height with Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre. The physical floor count follows the Skyscraper Center definition.", "notes": "It shares its architectural height with Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre. The physical floor count follows the Skyscraper Center definition.", "updated": "2026-09-24", "verification": { "state": "verified", "checked": [ { "field": "height_architectural_m", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared completed status, architectural category and completion milestone." }, { "field": "status", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared completed status, architectural category and completion milestone." }, { "field": "completed", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared completed status, architectural category and completion milestone." } ], "notes": [] }, "city_name": "Tianjin", "country_name": "China", "engineering": { "headline": "A curved mega-frame tuned for stiffness, ductility and lower material use.", "credits": [ { "firm": "Skidmore, Owings & Merrill", "role": "Architecture and structural design", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.som.com/projects/tianjin-ctf-finance-centre/" }, { "firm": "Ronald Lu & Partners", "role": "Architect of record", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/tianjin-ctf-finance-center/310" }, { "firm": "East China Architectural Design & Research Institute", "role": "Architect and structural engineer of record", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/tianjin-ctf-finance-center/310" }, { "firm": "Skidmore, Owings & Merrill", "role": "Structural design", "kind": "Structural engineer", "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/tianjin-ctf-finance-center/310" }, { "firm": "East China Architectural Design & Research Institute", "role": "Structural engineer of record", "kind": "Structural engineer", "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/tianjin-ctf-finance-center/310" }, { "firm": "China Construction Eighth Engineering Division", "role": "Main contractor", "kind": "Builder", "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/tianjin-ctf-finance-center/310" } ], "metrics": [ { "label": "Architectural height", "value": "530 m", "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/tianjin-ctf-finance-center/310" }, { "label": "Primary material", "value": "Steel-concrete composite", "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/tianjin-ctf-finance-center/310" }, { "label": "Supplemental damping", "value": "Not required by design", "source": "https://www.som.com/projects/tianjin-ctf-finance-centre/" } ], "sections": [ { "title": "An integrated structural form", "text": "SOM’s composite structural system follows the architectural massing. Diagonal zones increase lower-level stiffness; more vertical zones provide ductility for seismic energy dissipation. Gravity loads help oppose lateral overturning. The frame geometry is doing structural work as well as shaping the facade.", "source": "https://www.som.com/projects/tianjin-ctf-finance-centre/" }, { "title": "Wind response & material efficiency", "text": "The taper, porous crown and wind openings improve aerodynamic performance. SOM reports that structural optimisation reduced steel demand and seismic mass enough to avoid a supplemental damping system. This is a project-specific outcome, not a universal advantage over towers that use dampers.", "source": "https://www.som.com/projects/tianjin-ctf-finance-centre/" }, { "title": "How it was delivered", "text": "China Construction Eighth Engineering Division acted as main contractor, with ECADI responsible for the structural documents as engineer of record. SOM links reduced steel quantities to savings in construction time and cost. Coordination of composite structural members and the curved enclosure was part of the integrated design approach.", "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/tianjin-ctf-finance-center/310" }, { "title": "Floor spans follow the programme", "text": "Larger office plates occupy the lower building, while apartments and hotel rooms use smaller plates higher up. This arrangement informed the taper and structural spans. Separate lift systems and sky lobbies handle the differing access requirements of the three principal uses.", "source": "https://www.som.com/projects/tianjin-ctf-finance-centre/" } ] } }, { "slug": "china-zun", "name": "CITIC Tower", "aka": [ "Zhongguo Zun", "CITIC Tower", "Z15 Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q197833", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 527.7, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 109, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2018, "demolished": null, "inception": 2018, "city": "beijing", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 39.91138888888889, "lon": 116.46027777777778 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "citic-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:China_Zun_05-11-2018.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Milkomède", "width": 800, "height": 1200, "changes": "Resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197833", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Zun", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ctbuh", "label": "CTBUH / Skyscraper Center", "url": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/citic-tower/11116" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "city": [ "wikidata" ], "country": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "inception": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "name": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "type": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "status": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ] }, "summary": "527.7 metres tall, CITIC Tower is a completed office skyscraper. It reached occupancy completion in 2018 and has 109 above-ground floors under the Skyscraper Center definition. Also known as China Zun. Its height is commonly rounded to 528 metres; this profile retains the 527.7-metre architectural measurement published by the Skyscraper Center.", "notes": "Also known as China Zun. Its height is commonly rounded to 528 metres; this profile retains the 527.7-metre architectural measurement published by the Skyscraper Center.", "updated": "2026-09-24", "verification": { "state": "verified", "checked": [ { "field": "height_architectural_m", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "527.7 m precision retained; Wikipedia and Wikidata round to 528 m." }, { "field": "status", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared completed status, architectural category and completion milestone." }, { "field": "completed", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared completed status, architectural category and completion milestone." } ], "notes": [] }, "city_name": "Beijing", "country_name": "China", "engineering": { "headline": "A tower that widens at the top, engineered for a demanding seismic setting.", "credits": [ { "firm": "Farrells", "role": "Concept architect", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.istructe.org/structural-awards/projects/2019/citic-tower/" }, { "firm": "Kohn Pedersen Fox", "role": "Design architect", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.istructe.org/structural-awards/projects/2019/citic-tower/" }, { "firm": "Beijing Institute of Architectural Design", "role": "Architect of record", "kind": "Architect", "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/build/citic-tower/11116" }, { "firm": "Arup", "role": "Lead structural design, schematic to preliminary stages", "kind": "Structural engineer", "source": "https://www.arup.com/projects/citic-tower-china-zun/" }, { "firm": "Beijing Institute of Architectural Design", "role": "Structural design", "kind": "Structural engineer", "source": "https://www.istructe.org/structural-awards/projects/2019/citic-tower/" }, { "firm": "China Construction Third Engineering Bureau", "role": "Principal contractor", "kind": "Builder", "source": "https://www.istructe.org/structural-awards/projects/2019/citic-tower/" } ], "metrics": [ { "label": "Base / neck / top width", "value": "78 / 54 / 70 m", "source": "https://www.arup.com/projects/citic-tower-china-zun/" }, { "label": "Design options studied", "value": "800+", "source": "https://www.arup.com/projects/citic-tower-china-zun/" }, { "label": "Construction platform", "value": "Hydraulically jacked", "source": "https://www.istructe.org/structural-awards/projects/2019/citic-tower/" } ], "sections": [ { "title": "Mega-frame & concrete core", "text": "A fully braced perimeter mega-frame and central concrete core form the lateral system. Composite mega-columns and steel-plate concrete walls provide capacity without excessive member size. The perimeter’s concrete-filled steel box sections and belt trusses create an additional line of resistance in Beijing’s high seismic setting.", "source": "https://www.arup.com/projects/citic-tower-china-zun/" }, { "title": "A widening crown changes the problem", "text": "The plan narrows from 78 metres at the base to 54 metres around 385 metres up, then expands to 70 metres at the top. Arup connected parametric models to structural analysis to evaluate more than 800 options, coordinating column centrelines, facade geometry and the changing mass distribution.", "source": "https://www.arup.com/projects/citic-tower-china-zun/" }, { "title": "How it was built", "text": "An integrated steel work platform sat on top of the concrete core and was jacked upward as construction progressed. It carried multiple working levels and reduced reliance on conventional crane operations. The Institution of Structural Engineers singled out this construction system alongside the permanent structural design.", "source": "https://www.istructe.org/structural-awards/projects/2019/citic-tower/" }, { "title": "Seismic behaviour & fire strategy", "text": "Arup developed seismic and fire strategies as part of the design scope, including structural fire analysis and evacuation planning. Large connected lobby areas and the densely occupied observation deck required particular attention. The design combined structural resistance with circulation and compartment planning.", "source": "https://www.arup.com/projects/citic-tower-china-zun/" } ] } }, { "slug": "taipei-101", "name": "Taipei 101", "aka": [ "Taipei World Financial Center", "Taipei 101 Tower", "TAIPEI101", "Táiběi yī líng yī", "臺北101", "No. 7, Section 5, Xinyi Road" ], "wikidata": "Q83101", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 508, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 101, "floors_below": 5, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2004, "demolished": null, "inception": 2005, "city": "taipei", "country": "TW", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.03361111111111, "lon": 121.56472222222222 }, "architect": [ "C.Y. Lee", "C.P. Wang" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83101", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei_101", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ctbuh", "label": "CTBUH / Skyscraper Center, manually checked", "url": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/taipei-101/117" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikidata" ], "status": [ "wikidata" ], "city": [ "wikidata" ], "country": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_above": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_below": [ "wikidata" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "inception": [ "wikidata" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikidata", "ctbuh" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "summary": [ "wikidata", "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ] }, "summary": "508 metres tall, Taipei 101 is a completed office skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. Its tower opened at the end of 2004. The architectural measurement includes its spire and is used here for building comparisons. The site distinguishes the tower completion from earlier opening dates for the adjoining mall. C.Y. Lee and C.P. Wang are named as its architects.", "notes": "Wikidata and the Skyscraper Center agree on 508 m architectural height. The retrieved Wikipedia infobox has conflicting 508.2 m architectural and 509.2 m tip figures, while its lead uses 508 m. The 2005 Wikidata opening claim is replaced with the documented 2004 tower completion.", "updated": "2026-09-24", "verification": { "state": "verified", "checked": [ { "field": "height_architectural_m", "sources": [ "wikidata", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared the retrieved sources and retained the explicit height category." }, { "field": "status", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Compared the retrieved sources and retained the explicit height category." }, { "field": "completed", "sources": [ "wikipedia", "ctbuh" ], "date": "2026-09-08", "note": "Occupancy-completion year distinguished from structural work." } ], "notes": [ "Wikidata and the Skyscraper Center agree on 508 m architectural height. The retrieved Wikipedia infobox has conflicting 508.2 m architectural and 509.2 m tip figures, while its lead uses 508 m. The 2005 Wikidata opening claim is replaced with the documented 2004 tower completion." ] }, "city_name": "Taipei", "country_name": "Taiwan", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "shanghai-world-financial-center", "name": "Shanghai World Financial Center", "aka": [ "bottle opener" ], "wikidata": "Q80852", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 492, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 101, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2008, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shanghai", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 31.236666666667, "lon": 121.50277777778 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Leslie E. Robertson Associates RLLP" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China State Construction Engineering Corporation and Shanghai Construction (Group) General Co." ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 91, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "shanghai-world-financial-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shanghai_World_Financial_Center_(March_9th_2024)_(cropped2).jpg", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "author": "Bechology", "width": 1247, "height": 2663, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80852", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_World_Financial_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Shanghai World Financial Center is a completed building in Shanghai. Its sourced architectural height is 492 metres, with 101 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2008.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shanghai", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "international-commerce-centre", "name": "International Commerce Centre", "aka": [ "ICC", "ICC Tower", "Union Square Phase 7" ], "wikidata": "Q317034", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 484, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 108, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2010, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "hong-kong", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.303391666667, "lon": 114.16016944444 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Arup" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China State Construction Engineering Corporation; Sanfield Building Contractors Limited" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 83, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "international-commerce-centre.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:International_Commerce_Centre_skyscraper,_in_West_Kowloon,_Hong_Kong_(Ank_Kumar)_09.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Ank Kumar", "width": 1280, "height": 2271, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317034", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Commerce_Centre", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "International Commerce Centre is a completed building in Hong Kong. Its sourced architectural height is 484 metres, with 108 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2010.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Hong Kong", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "wuhan-greenland-center", "name": "Wuhan Greenland Center", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q143235", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 475.6, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 101, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2023, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "wuhan", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 30.585941666666667, "lon": 114.317475 }, "architect": [ "Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Thornton Tomasetti" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China State Construction Engineering Greenland Group" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 84, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "wuhan-greenland-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:(CHN-Hubei)_Wuhan_Greenland_Center_2024-12-01.jpg", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "author": "S5A-0043", "width": 1600, "height": 2844, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143235", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan_Greenland_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Wuhan Greenland Center is a completed building in Wuhan. Its sourced architectural height is 475.6 metres, with 101 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2023.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Wuhan", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "central-park-tower", "name": "Central Park Tower", "aka": [ "Nordstrom Tower", "225 West 57th Street", "217 West 57th Street" ], "wikidata": "Q2631701", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "residential", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 472.4, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 98, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2021, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "new-york-city", "country": "US", "coordinates": { "lat": 40.766333333333336, "lon": -73.98094444444445 }, "architect": [ "Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture , AAI Architects, P.C. (as architect of record )" ], "structural_engineer": [ "WSP Global" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Lendlease" ], "structural_system": null, "material": "concrete", "elevators": 11, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "central-park-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Central_Park_Tower_April_2021.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "author": "Percival Kestreltail", "width": 1600, "height": 2844, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631701", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "material": [ "wikidata" ], "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Central Park Tower is a completed building in New York City. Its sourced architectural height is 472.4 metres, with 98 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2021.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "New York City", "country_name": "United States", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "lakhta-center", "name": "Lakhta Center", "aka": [ "Lakhta Centre" ], "wikidata": "Q4255374", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 462, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 87, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2019, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "saint-petersburg", "country": "RU", "coordinates": { "lat": 59.98703, "lon": 30.17814 }, "architect": [ "RMJM (until 2011), GORPROJECT" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Gorproject, Inforceproject" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Rönesans Holding" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 40, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "lakhta-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Лахта_центр_2021.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Anton Galakhov", "width": 1600, "height": 899, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4255374", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakhta_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Lakhta Center is a completed building in Saint Petersburg. Its sourced architectural height is 462 metres, with 87 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2019.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Saint Petersburg", "country_name": "Russia", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "landmark-81", "name": "Landmark 81", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q18640924", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 461.2, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 81, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2018, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "ho-chi-minh-city", "country": "VN", "coordinates": { "lat": 10.795, "lon": 106.72194444444445 }, "architect": [ "Atkins" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Arup" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Coteccons" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 21, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "landmark-81.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ho_Chi_Minh_City_panorama_2019_(cropped).jpg", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "author": "Lê Minh Phát", "width": 1600, "height": 2394, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18640924", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landmark_81", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Landmark 81 is a completed building in Ho Chi Minh City. Its sourced architectural height is 461.2 metres, with 81 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2018.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Ho Chi Minh City", "country_name": "Vietnam", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "the-exchange-106", "name": "The Exchange 106", "aka": [ "TRX 106", "Exchange 106" ], "wikidata": "Q27670200", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 453.6, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 95, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2019, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "kuala-lumpur", "country": "MY", "coordinates": { "lat": 3.1419, "lon": 101.71875 }, "architect": [ "Group Architects; Peter Chan (Architect of Record)" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Mulia Group" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "the-exchange-106.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Exchange_106_20241022_-_(cropped).jpg", "license": "CC0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "author": "Ahmad Ali Karim", "width": 1600, "height": 3153, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27670200", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Exchange_106", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "The Exchange 106 is a completed building in Kuala Lumpur. Its sourced architectural height is 453.6 metres, with 95 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2019.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Kuala Lumpur", "country_name": "Malaysia", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "changsha-ifs-t1", "name": "Changsha IFS T1", "aka": [ "Changsha IFS" ], "wikidata": "Q5410187", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 452.1, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 94, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2018, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "changsha", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 28.19542, "lon": 112.97342 }, "architect": [ "Wong Tung & Partners / Wong & Tung International Ltd" ], "structural_engineer": [ "East China Architecture Design & Research Institute" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China Construction Second Engineering Bureau Ltd" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "changsha-ifs-t1.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:世茂环球金融中心_IFS国金中心_西侧.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "維基小霸王", "width": 1600, "height": 2400, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5410187", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changsha_IFS_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Changsha IFS T1 is a completed building in Changsha. Its sourced architectural height is 452.1 metres, with 94 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2018.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Changsha", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "petronas-tower-1", "name": "Petronas Tower 1", "aka": [ "Petronas Towers", "Petronas Twin Towers", "KLCC Twin Towers", "Menara Berkembar Petronas", "KLCC Tower", "The Petronas Towers" ], "wikidata": "Q83063", "component": "petronas-tower-1", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 451.9, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 88, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 1998, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "kuala-lumpur", "country": "MY", "coordinates": { "lat": 3.1577777777777776, "lon": 101.71166666666667 }, "architect": [ "César Pelli , Adamson Associates Architects (as executive architect )" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Thornton Tomasetti & Ranhill Bersekutu" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Tower 1 (West): Hazama Corporation Tower 2 (East): Samsung C&T Corporation City Center: B.L. Harbert International" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 39, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "petronas-tower-1.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Petronas_Towers_Logo.svg", "license": "Public domain", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "width": 1600, "height": 912, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83063", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas_Tower_1", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Petronas Tower 1 is a completed building in Kuala Lumpur. Its sourced architectural height is 451.9 metres, with 88 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 1998.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level. The Wikidata identifier is shared by the complex; the component field identifies this individual tower.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Kuala Lumpur", "country_name": "Malaysia", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "petronas-tower-2", "name": "Petronas Tower 2", "aka": [ "Petronas Towers", "Petronas Twin Towers", "KLCC Twin Towers", "Menara Berkembar Petronas", "KLCC Tower", "The Petronas Towers" ], "wikidata": "Q83063", "component": "petronas-tower-2", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 451.9, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 88, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 1998, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "kuala-lumpur", "country": "MY", "coordinates": { "lat": 3.1577777777777776, "lon": 101.71166666666667 }, "architect": [ "César Pelli , Adamson Associates Architects (as executive architect )" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Thornton Tomasetti & Ranhill Bersekutu" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Tower 1 (West): Hazama Corporation Tower 2 (East): Samsung C&T Corporation City Center: B.L. Harbert International" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 39, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "petronas-tower-2.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Petronas_Towers_Logo.svg", "license": "Public domain", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "width": 1600, "height": 912, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83063", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronas_Tower_2", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Petronas Tower 2 is a completed building in Kuala Lumpur. Its sourced architectural height is 451.9 metres, with 88 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 1998.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level. The Wikidata identifier is shared by the complex; the component field identifies this individual tower.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Kuala Lumpur", "country_name": "Malaysia", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "suzhou-international-financial-center", "name": "Suzhou International Financial Center", "aka": [ "Suzhou IFS" ], "wikidata": "Q617082", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 450, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 95, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2019, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "suzhou", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 31.3241, "lon": 120.7128 }, "architect": [ "Wong Tung & Partners / Wong & Tung International Ltd Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China State Construction Engineering Group Co. Ltd." ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 62, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "suzhou-international-financial-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Suzhou_IFS_2018.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Milkomède", "width": 1280, "height": 2276, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617082", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_International_Financial_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "contractor": [ "wikidata" ], "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Suzhou International Financial Center is a completed building in Suzhou. Its sourced architectural height is 450 metres, with 95 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2019.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Suzhou", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "zifeng-tower", "name": "Zifeng Tower", "aka": [ "Greenland Center-Zifeng Tower", "Nanjing Greenland Financial Center" ], "wikidata": "Q382121", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 450, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 89, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2010, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "nanjing", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 32.062472222222, "lon": 118.77805555556 }, "architect": [ "Adrian Smith at SOM" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Skidmore, Owings and Merrill" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Shanghai Construction Group" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 54, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "zifeng-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zifeng_Tower_from_City_Wall.jpg", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "author": "xiquinhosilva", "width": 1600, "height": 2400, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382121", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zifeng_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Zifeng Tower is a completed building in Nanjing. Its sourced architectural height is 450 metres, with 89 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2010.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Nanjing", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "wuhan-center", "name": "Wuhan Center", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q2484373", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 443.1, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 88, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2019, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "wuhan", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 30.59665, "lon": 114.23967 }, "architect": [ "East China Architectural Design & Research Institute (ECADI)" ], "structural_engineer": [ "ECADI" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China State Construction Engineering" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "wuhan-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wuhan_Center_201704.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 2.5", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5", "author": "Baycrest", "width": 1200, "height": 1800, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2484373", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Wuhan Center is a completed building in Wuhan. Its sourced architectural height is 443.1 metres, with 88 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2019.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Wuhan", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "willis-tower", "name": "Willis Tower", "aka": [ "233 S. Wacker Drive", "233 South Wacker Drive", "233 S Wacker Drive" ], "wikidata": "Q29294", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 442.1, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": null, "floors_below": 3, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 1973, "demolished": null, "inception": 1971, "city": "chicago", "country": "US", "coordinates": { "lat": 41.878611, "lon": -87.635833 }, "architect": [ "Q459464", "Bruce Graham", "Fazlur Khan" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29294", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikidata" ], "type": [ "wikidata" ], "status": [ "wikidata" ], "city": [ "wikidata" ], "country": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "floors_below": [ "wikidata" ], "completed": [ "wikidata" ], "inception": [ "wikidata" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikidata" ], "summary": [ "wikidata" ] }, "summary": "Willis Tower is a completed building in Chicago. Its sourced architectural height is 442.1 metres. See the linked sources for measurement definitions and verification status.", "notes": "", "updated": "2026-09-24", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Independent verification pending" ] }, "city_name": "Chicago", "country_name": "United States", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "kk100", "name": "KK100", "aka": [ "Kingkey 100", "Kingkey Finance Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q1470046", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 441.8, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 98, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2011, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shenzhen", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.54583, "lon": 114.10156 }, "architect": [ "TFP Farrells" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Arup" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China Construction Fourth Engineering Division Corp. Ltd." ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 45, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "kk100.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KK100_exterior_southeast.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Charlie fong", "width": 1600, "height": 2844, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1470046", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KK100", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "KK100 is a completed building in Shenzhen. Its sourced architectural height is 441.8 metres, with 98 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2011.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shenzhen", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "guangzhou-international-finance-center", "name": "Guangzhou International Finance Center", "aka": [ "Guangzhou International Finance Center," ], "wikidata": "Q1043438", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 438.6, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 101, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2010, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "guangzhou", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 23.120347222222, "lon": 113.318075 }, "architect": [ "WilkinsonEyre" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Arup Architecture Design Institute of South China University of Technology" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China State Construction Guangzhou Municipal Construction Group JV" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 71, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "guangzhou-international-finance-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guangzhou_International_Finance_Center.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "xiquinhosilva", "width": 709, "height": 1260, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043438", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou_International_Finance_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Guangzhou International Finance Center is a completed building in Guangzhou. Its sourced architectural height is 438.6 metres, with 101 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2010.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Guangzhou", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "111-west-57th-street", "name": "111 West 57th Street", "aka": [ "Steinway Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q2631268", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "residential", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 435.3, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 84, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2021, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "new-york-city", "country": "US", "coordinates": { "lat": 40.76488888888889, "lon": -73.9775 }, "architect": [ "SHoP Architects (Steinway Hall conversion and residential tower) Warren and Wetmore (Steinway Hall)" ], "structural_engineer": [ "WSP" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": "concrete_steel", "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "111-west-57th-street.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:05_23_2022_Supertall_Building_111_West_57th_Street_from_Roof_NYC.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Wil540 art", "width": 868, "height": 1544, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631268", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/111_West_57th_Street", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "material": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "111 West 57th Street is a completed building in New York City. Its sourced architectural height is 435.3 metres, with 84 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2021.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "New York City", "country_name": "United States", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "one-vanderbilt", "name": "One Vanderbilt", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q18398409", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 427, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 62, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2020, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "new-york-city", "country": "US", "coordinates": { "lat": 40.753, "lon": -73.9785 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Severud Associates" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "AECOM Tishman" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "one-vanderbilt.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:One_Vanderbilt_April_2023.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Percival Kestreltail", "width": 1600, "height": 2400, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18398409", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Vanderbilt", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "One Vanderbilt is a completed building in New York City. Its sourced architectural height is 427 metres, with 62 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2020.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "New York City", "country_name": "United States", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "432-park-avenue", "name": "432 Park Avenue", "aka": [ "440 Park Avenue" ], "wikidata": "Q233940", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "residential", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 425.7, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 85, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2015, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "new-york-city", "country": "US", "coordinates": { "lat": 40.76166666666667, "lon": -73.97194444444445 }, "architect": [ "Rafael Viñoly and SLCE Architects, LLP" ], "structural_engineer": [ "WSP Cantor Seinuk" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Lendlease" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 11, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "432-park-avenue.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:432_Park_Avenue,_NY_(cropped)2.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Percival Kestreltail", "width": 1600, "height": 2844, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233940", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/432_Park_Avenue", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "432 Park Avenue is a completed building in New York City. Its sourced architectural height is 425.7 metres, with 85 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2015.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "New York City", "country_name": "United States", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "marina-101", "name": "Marina 101", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q1165269", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 425, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 101, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2017, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.08898, "lon": 55.14863 }, "architect": [ "National Engineering Bureau Interior Designer: Design Work Portfolio" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "TAV Construction" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 29, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165269", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_101", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Marina 101 is a completed building in Dubai. Its sourced architectural height is 425 metres, with 101 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2017.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "trump-international-hotel-and-tower", "name": "Trump International Hotel and Tower", "aka": [ "Trump Tower Chicago", "Trump Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q546221", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "hotel", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 423.2, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 98, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2009, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "chicago", "country": "US", "coordinates": { "lat": 41.8891, "lon": -87.626672222222 }, "architect": [ "Adrian Smith" ], "structural_engineer": [ "William F. Baker" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Bovis Lend Lease" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 27, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "trump-international-hotel-and-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_in_Chicago_2010.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "author": "Basil D Soufi", "width": 1600, "height": 2398, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546221", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Chicago)", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Trump International Hotel and Tower is a completed building in Chicago. Its sourced architectural height is 423.2 metres, with 98 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2009.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Chicago", "country_name": "United States", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "270-park-avenue", "name": "270 Park Avenue", "aka": [ "JPMorgan Chase Building" ], "wikidata": "Q109648853", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 423, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 60, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2025, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "new-york-city", "country": "US", "coordinates": { "lat": 40.7558, "lon": -73.9754 }, "architect": [ "Foster + Partners" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Severud Associates" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Tishman Construction" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "270-park-avenue.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:270_Park_Avenue_Photomontage_(cropped).jpg", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "author": "CrossingLights", "width": 1600, "height": 2718, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109648853", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/270_Park_Avenue_(2025–present)", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "270 Park Avenue is a completed building in New York City. Its sourced architectural height is 423 metres, with 60 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2025.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "New York City", "country_name": "United States", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "minying-international-trade-center-t2", "name": "Minying International Trade Center T2", "aka": [ "Dongguan International Trade Center 1" ], "wikidata": "Q19458189", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 422.6, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 85, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2021, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dongguan", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 23.014069444444445, "lon": 113.75821666666667 }, "architect": [ "5+design" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "minying-international-trade-center-t2.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Minying_International_Trade_Center,_Dongguan-2022.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "David290", "width": 1600, "height": 2847, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19458189", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minying_International_Trade_Center_T2", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Minying International Trade Center T2 is a completed building in Dongguan. Its sourced architectural height is 422.6 metres, with 85 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2021.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dongguan", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "jin-mao-tower", "name": "Jin Mao Tower", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q80813", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 420.5, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 88, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 1999, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shanghai", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 31.237222222222, "lon": 121.50138888889 }, "architect": [ "Adrian Smith at SOM" ], "structural_engineer": [ "SOM" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 61, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "jin-mao-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jin_Mao_Tower_Pudong_21860-Shanghai_(32939744091).jpg", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "author": "xiquinhosilva", "width": 1280, "height": 2574, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80813", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_Mao_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Jin Mao Tower is a completed building in Shanghai. Its sourced architectural height is 420.5 metres, with 88 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 1999.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shanghai", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "nanjing-financial-city-phase-ii-plot-c-tower-1", "name": "Nanjing Financial City Phase II Plot C Tower 1", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q136531257", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 416.6, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 88, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2025, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "nanjing", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 31.98554, "lon": 118.70955 }, "architect": [ "Gerkan, Marg and Partners East China Architectural Design & Research Institute" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Arup Group" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "nanjing-financial-city-phase-ii-plot-c-tower-1.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skyline_in_Nanjing_(20250325).jpg", "license": "CC0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "author": "Fumikas Sagisavas", "width": 1600, "height": 1202, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136531257", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_Financial_City_II", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikipedia" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Nanjing Financial City Phase II Plot C Tower 1 is a completed building in Nanjing. Its sourced architectural height is 416.6 metres, with 88 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2025.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Nanjing", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "princess-tower", "name": "Princess Tower", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q19492", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 413.4, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 101, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2012, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.088625, "lon": 55.146858333333 }, "architect": [ "Eng. Adnan Saffarini Office" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Arabian Construction Company (ACC)" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 13, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19492", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Princess Tower is a completed building in Dubai. Its sourced architectural height is 413.4 metres, with 101 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2012.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "al-hamra-tower", "name": "Al Hamra Tower", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q557933", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 412.6, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 80, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2011, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "kuwait-city", "country": "KW", "coordinates": { "lat": 29.378611111111, "lon": 47.992777777778 }, "architect": [ "Gary Haney , Skidmore Owings & Merrill" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Skidmore Owings & Merrill" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Ahmadiah Contracting and Trading Company" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 43, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557933", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Hamra_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Al Hamra Tower is a completed building in Kuwait City. Its sourced architectural height is 412.6 metres, with 80 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2011.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Kuwait City", "country_name": "Kuwait", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "international-finance-centre", "name": "International Finance Centre", "aka": [ "Two International Finance Centre", "2 IFC", "Hong Kong Station North East Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q14226100", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 412, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 88, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2003, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "hong-kong", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.28538, "lon": 114.15914 }, "architect": [ "César Pelli & Association Architects" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Ove Arup & Partners" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "E Man- Sanfield Joint Venture" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 62, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "international-finance-centre.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IFC,_Hong_Kong_Island_(2796343561)(cropped).jpg", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "author": "Peter Dowley from Dubai, United Arab Emirates", "width": 818, "height": 1464, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14226100", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Finance_Centre_(Hong_Kong)", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "International Finance Centre is a completed building in Hong Kong. Its sourced architectural height is 412 metres, with 88 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2003.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Hong Kong", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "haeundae-lct-the-sharp-landmark-tower", "name": "Haeundae LCT The Sharp Landmark Tower", "aka": [ "Haeundae LCT The Sharp", "Haeundae LCT" ], "wikidata": "Q5961370", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 411.6, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 101, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2019, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "busan", "country": "KR", "coordinates": { "lat": 35.160425, "lon": 129.168885 }, "architect": [ "Skidmore Owings & Merrill ; Samoo Architects & Engineers" ], "structural_engineer": [ "POSCO Engineering & Construction" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961370", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haeundae_LCT_The_Sharp", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Haeundae LCT The Sharp Landmark Tower is a completed building in Busan. Its sourced architectural height is 411.6 metres, with 101 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2019.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Busan", "country_name": "South Korea", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "ningbo-central-plaza", "name": "Ningbo Central Plaza", "aka": [ "Ningbo Center" ], "wikidata": "Q1605680", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 409, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 80, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2024, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "ningbo", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 29.864055555555556, "lon": 121.60908333333333 }, "architect": [ "Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Shanghai Construction Group" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "ningbo-central-plaza.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ningbo_Center_2025-07-20.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Cz4523", "width": 1600, "height": 1200, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1605680", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ningbo_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Ningbo Central Plaza is a completed building in Ningbo. Its sourced architectural height is 409 metres, with 80 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2024.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Ningbo", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "guangxi-china-resources-tower", "name": "Guangxi China Resources Tower", "aka": [ "Nanning China Resources Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q18347369", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 402.7, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 86, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2020, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "nanning", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.814833333333333, "lon": 108.39113888888889 }, "architect": [ "Goettsch Partners" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 59, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "guangxi-china-resources-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dongmeng_CBD_3.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "EditQ", "width": 1600, "height": 2133, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18347369", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangxi_China_Resources_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Guangxi China Resources Tower is a completed building in Nanning. Its sourced architectural height is 402.7 metres, with 86 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2020.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Nanning", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "guiyang-international-financial-center-t1", "name": "Guiyang International Financial Center T1", "aka": [ "Guiyang IFC T1" ], "wikidata": "Q97162292", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 401, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 79, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2020, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "guiyang", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 26.650949136953, "lon": 106.6445338726 }, "architect": [], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "guiyang-international-financial-center-t1.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guizhou_Financial_City_District.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Ryedamien", "width": 1529, "height": 916, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97162292", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiyang_International_Financial_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ] }, "summary": "Guiyang International Financial Center T1 is a completed building in Guiyang. Its sourced architectural height is 401 metres, with 79 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2020.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Guiyang", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "iconic-tower", "name": "Iconic Tower", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q102281065", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 393.8, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 77, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2023, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "new-administrative-capital", "country": "EG", "coordinates": { "lat": 30.012777777777778, "lon": 31.69388888888889 }, "architect": [ "Dar al-Handasah Shair & Partners" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102281065", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconic_Tower_(Egypt)", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Iconic Tower is a completed building in New Administrative Capital. Its sourced architectural height is 393.8 metres, with 77 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2023.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "New Administrative Capital", "country_name": "Egypt", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "china-merchants-bank-global-headquarters-main-tower", "name": "China Merchants Bank Global Headquarters Main Tower", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q65054387", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 393, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 77, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2025, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shenzhen", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.525362, "lon": 113.965205 }, "architect": [ "Foster + Partners & CCDI Group" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Shanghai Construction Group" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "china-merchants-bank-global-headquarters-main-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:招银环球金融中心.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Lhzss8", "width": 966, "height": 2209, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65054387", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Merchants_Bank_Tower_Global_HQ", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikipedia" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "China Merchants Bank Global Headquarters Main Tower is a completed building in Shenzhen. Its sourced architectural height is 393 metres, with 77 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2025.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shenzhen", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "china-resources-tower", "name": "China Resources Tower", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q18111159", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 392.5, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 68, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2018, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shenzhen", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.5177617, "lon": 113.9416008 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Arup" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China Construction Third Building Group" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 59, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "china-resources-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:China_Resources_Headquarters_in_Dec_2020.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Charlie fong", "width": 1094, "height": 1940, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18111159", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Resources_Headquarters", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "China Resources Tower is a completed building in Shenzhen. Its sourced architectural height is 392.5 metres, with 68 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2018.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shenzhen", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "23-marina", "name": "23 Marina", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q216264", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "residential", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 392.4, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 88, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2012, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.089806, "lon": 55.150611 }, "architect": [ "Hafeez Contractor KEO International Consultants" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": "Emaar Properties", "contractor": [ "Dubai Civil Engineering" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 62, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216264", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23_Marina", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "developer": [ "wikidata" ], "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "23 Marina is a completed building in Dubai. Its sourced architectural height is 392.4 metres, with 88 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2012.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "citic-plaza", "name": "CITIC Plaza", "aka": [ "China International Trust and Investment Plaza", "Sky Central Plaza" ], "wikidata": "Q245246", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 390.2, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 80, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 1996, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "guangzhou", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 23.144444444444, "lon": 113.31944444444 }, "architect": [ "Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man Architects & Engineers" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Maunsell AECOM Group" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Kumagai Gammon Joint Venture Hong Kong Construction" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 36, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "citic-plaza.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CITIC_Plaza_2017.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "そらみみ", "width": 809, "height": 1439, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245246", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CITIC_Plaza", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "CITIC Plaza is a completed building in Guangzhou. Its sourced architectural height is 390.2 metres, with 80 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 1996.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Guangzhou", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "citymark-centre", "name": "Citymark Centre", "aka": [ "Chengmai Center", "Citymark Financial Center" ], "wikidata": "Q130693037", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 388.3, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 70, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2022, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shenzhen", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.560972222222222, "lon": 114.10008333333333 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China Construction Third Building Group" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "citymark-centre.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Citymark_Centre_-_Chengmai_Center_Shenzhen_2025.jpeg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Ubahnverleih", "width": 1600, "height": 2338, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130693037", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citymark_Centre", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Citymark Centre is a completed building in Shenzhen. Its sourced architectural height is 388.3 metres, with 70 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2022.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shenzhen", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "shum-yip-upperhills-tower-1", "name": "Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1", "aka": [ "Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1" ], "wikidata": "Q18415349", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 388.1, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 80, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2020, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shenzhen", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.559583333333332, "lon": 114.06666666666666 }, "architect": [ "Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM)" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM-NY)" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "shum-yip-upperhills-tower-1.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shum_Yip_Upperhills_Towers2020.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "K3liu", "width": 219, "height": 390, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18415349", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shum_Yip_Upperhills_Tower_1", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1 is a completed building in Shenzhen. Its sourced architectural height is 388.1 metres, with 80 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2020.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shenzhen", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "30-hudson-yards", "name": "30 Hudson Yards", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q15264266", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 387.1, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 73, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2019, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "new-york-city", "country": "US", "coordinates": { "lat": 40.753967, "lon": -74.00075 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox (architect & master planner)" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Thornton Tomasetti" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Tishman Construction" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 59, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "30-hudson-yards.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hudson_Yards_from_Hudson_Commons_(95131p)_(30_Hudson_Yards).jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Rhododendrites", "width": 1600, "height": 3020, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15264266", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_Hudson_Yards", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "30 Hudson Yards is a completed building in New York City. Its sourced architectural height is 387.1 metres, with 73 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2019.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "New York City", "country_name": "United States", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "public-investment-fund-tower", "name": "Public Investment Fund Tower", "aka": [ "Capital Market Authority Headquarters", "PIF Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q13892708", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 385, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 72, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2021, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "riyadh", "country": "SA", "coordinates": { "lat": 24.76277778, "lon": 46.64027778 }, "architect": [ "HOK Omrania" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Saudi Binladin Group" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 40, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "public-investment-fund-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PIF_Tower_Riyadh_2024.jpeg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Faisal Arif", "width": 1600, "height": 2133, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13892708", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Investment_Fund_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Public Investment Fund Tower is a completed building in Riyadh. Its sourced architectural height is 385 metres, with 72 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2021.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Riyadh", "country_name": "Saudi Arabia", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "shun-hing-square", "name": "Shun Hing Square", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q236201", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 384, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 69, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 1996, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shenzhen", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.545277777777777, "lon": 114.10555555555555 }, "architect": [ "K.Y. Cheung Design Associates" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Maunsell AECOM Group" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 36, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "shun-hing-square.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shun_Hing_Square_exterior_southwest2021.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Charlie fong", "width": 1600, "height": 2844, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236201", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shun_Hing_Square", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Shun Hing Square is a completed building in Shenzhen. Its sourced architectural height is 384 metres, with 69 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 1996.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shenzhen", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "eton-place-dalian-tower-1", "name": "Eton Place Dalian Tower 1", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q24036646", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 383.2, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 80, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2016, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dalian", "country": "CN", "coordinates": null, "architect": [ "NBBJ" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "eton-place-dalian-tower-1.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eton_Place_Dalian_Tower,_Aug2018(cropped)2.jpg", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "author": "xiquinhosilva", "width": 896, "height": 1605, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24036646", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eton_Place_Dalian", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Eton Place Dalian Tower 1 is a completed building in Dalian. Its sourced architectural height is 383.2 metres, with 80 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2016.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dalian", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "autograph-tower", "name": "Autograph Tower", "aka": [ "Thamrin Nine" ], "wikidata": "Q30686870", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 382.9, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 75, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2022, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "jakarta", "country": "ID", "coordinates": { "lat": -6.19914, "lon": 106.82263 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Wiratman & Associates" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "PT Acset Indonusa Tbk (ACSET)" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "autograph-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thamrinnine_1.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Etrie17", "width": 1600, "height": 671, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30686870", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autograph_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Autograph Tower is a completed building in Jakarta. Its sourced architectural height is 382.9 metres, with 75 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2022.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Jakarta", "country_name": "Indonesia", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "logan-century-center-1", "name": "Logan Century Center 1", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q18127492", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 381.3, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 82, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2018, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "nanning", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.811722222222222, "lon": 108.39477777777778 }, "architect": [], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 32, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18127492", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan_Century_Center_1", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ] }, "summary": "Logan Century Center 1 is a completed building in Nanning. Its sourced architectural height is 381.3 metres, with 82 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2018.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Nanning", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "burj-mohammed-bin-rashid", "name": "Burj Mohammed bin Rashid", "aka": [ "Central Market Project" ], "wikidata": "Q615950", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "residential", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 381.2, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 88, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2014, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "abu-dhabi", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 24.488055555556, "lon": 54.356388888889 }, "architect": [ "Foster + Partners" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Halvorson and Partners" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Arabian Construction Company" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 13, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615950", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj_Mohammed_Bin_Rashid", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Burj Mohammed bin Rashid is a completed building in Abu Dhabi. Its sourced architectural height is 381.2 metres, with 88 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2014.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Abu Dhabi", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "empire-state-building", "name": "Empire State Building", "aka": [ "350 5th Avenue", "350 Fifth Avenue" ], "wikidata": "Q9188", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 381, "height_tip_m": 443.1792, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 102, "floors_below": null, "started": 1930, "topped_out": null, "completed": 1931, "demolished": null, "inception": 1931, "city": "new-york-city", "country": "US", "coordinates": { "lat": 40.748333333333335, "lon": -73.98555555555555 }, "architect": [ "Shreve, Lamb & Harmon" ], "structural_engineer": [ "H. G. Balcom & Associates" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 73, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9188", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_State_Building", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "esb-owner-facts", "label": "Empire State Building: owner facts", "url": "https://www.esbnyc.com/about/facts-figures/" }, { "id": "skyscraper-museum-esb", "label": "The Skyscraper Museum: Empire State Building", "url": "https://www.skyscraper.org/supertall/building/empire-state-building/" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikidata" ], "type": [ "wikidata" ], "status": [ "wikidata" ], "city": [ "wikidata" ], "country": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "completed": [ "wikidata" ], "inception": [ "wikidata" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "esb-owner-facts", "skyscraper-museum-esb" ], "height_tip_m": [ "esb-owner-facts" ], "architect": [ "wikidata" ], "summary": [ "wikidata" ], "started": [ "esb-owner-facts", "skyscraper-museum-esb" ], "floors_above": [ "esb-owner-facts", "skyscraper-museum-esb" ], "elevators": [ "esb-owner-facts" ], "structural_engineer": [ "skyscraper-museum-esb" ] }, "summary": "Empire State Building is a completed office building in New York City. Its architectural height is 381 metres, excluding the antenna.", "notes": "", "updated": "2026-10-03", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [ { "field": "height_architectural_m", "sources": [ "esb-owner-facts", "skyscraper-museum-esb" ], "date": "2026-10-03", "note": "Corrected architectural height to 1,250 ft (381 m), excluding antenna." }, { "field": "height_tip_m", "sources": [ "esb-owner-facts" ], "date": "2026-10-03", "note": "Owner gives 1,454 ft including antenna; converted using 0.3048 m/ft." }, { "field": "started", "sources": [ "esb-owner-facts", "skyscraper-museum-esb" ], "date": "2026-10-03", "note": "Checked against the cited owner or museum project record." }, { "field": "floors_above", "sources": [ "esb-owner-facts", "skyscraper-museum-esb" ], "date": "2026-10-03", "note": "102 principal floors; owner also describes a restricted 103rd level." }, { "field": "elevators", "sources": [ "esb-owner-facts" ], "date": "2026-10-03", "note": "Checked against the cited owner or museum project record." }, { "field": "structural_engineer", "sources": [ "skyscraper-museum-esb" ], "date": "2026-10-03", "note": "Checked against the cited owner or museum project record." } ], "notes": [ "Independent verification pending", "3 October 2026: corrected imported architectural and tip heights using owner and museum records. Other imported fields retain their existing verification status." ] }, "city_name": "New York City", "country_name": "United States", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "elite-residence", "name": "Elite Residence", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q1330847", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "residential", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 380.5, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 87, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2012, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.089556, "lon": 55.147889 }, "architect": [ "Adnan Saffarini" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 12, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330847", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elite_Residence", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Elite Residence is a completed building in Dubai. Its sourced architectural height is 380.5 metres, with 87 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2012.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "ciel-dubai-marina", "name": "Ciel Dubai Marina", "aka": [ "Ciel Tower", "S Residence by Immo", "Immo Prestige Residential Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q30754048", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "hotel", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 377, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 81, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2025, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.08744, "lon": 55.14454 }, "architect": [ "Yahya Jan" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China Railway 18th Bureau Group LLC" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30754048", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciel_Dubai_Marina", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Ciel Dubai Marina is a completed building in Dubai. Its sourced architectural height is 377 metres, with 81 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2025.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "riverview-plaza", "name": "Riverview Plaza", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q7338767", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 376, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 73, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2021, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "wuhan", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 30.610777777777777, "lon": 114.30358333333334 }, "architect": [ "Pelli Clarke Pelli" ], "structural_engineer": [ "P & T Group" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China State Construction Engineering" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 42, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "riverview-plaza.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wuhan_Riverview_Plaza_A1.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Zheng Zhou", "width": 1600, "height": 2133, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7338767", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverview_Plaza", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Riverview Plaza is a completed building in Wuhan. Its sourced architectural height is 376 metres, with 73 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2021.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Wuhan", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "dabaihui-plaza", "name": "Dabaihui Plaza", "aka": [ "Shenzhen Center", "Gemdale Gangxia Tower 1" ], "wikidata": "Q15811586", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 375.6, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 70, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2021, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shenzhen", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.53888888888889, "lon": 114.05888888888889 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 39, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "dabaihui-plaza.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dabaihui_Plaza_in_2021.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Charlie fong", "width": 861, "height": 1532, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15811586", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabaihui_Plaza", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Dabaihui Plaza is a completed building in Shenzhen. Its sourced architectural height is 375.6 metres, with 70 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2021.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shenzhen", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "guangdong-business-center", "name": "Guangdong Business Center", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q135685276", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 375.5, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 60, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2025, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "guangzhou", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 23.10094, "lon": 113.34267 }, "architect": [ "Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP Guangzhou Design Institute" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China Construction Fourth Engineering Division Corp. Ltd" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "guangdong-business-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guangdong_Business_Center_in_Guangzhou_August_2025.jpg", "license": "CC0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "author": "Robbyies", "width": 1600, "height": 2133, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135685276", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong_Business_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikipedia" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Guangdong Business Center is a completed building in Guangzhou. Its sourced architectural height is 375.5 metres, with 60 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2025.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Guangzhou", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "central-plaza", "name": "Central Plaza", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q112640", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 373.9, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 78, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 1992, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "hong-kong", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.28, "lon": 114.17361111111 }, "architect": [ "Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man Architects & Engineers" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Arup" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Manloze Ltd" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 39, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "central-plaza.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hong_Kong_Convention_and_Exhibition_Centre_200906(cropped).jpg", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0", "author": "Wing1990hk", "width": 526, "height": 928, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112640", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Plaza_(Hong_Kong)", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Central Plaza is a completed building in Hong Kong. Its sourced architectural height is 373.9 metres, with 78 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 1992.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Hong Kong", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "federation-tower-east-tower", "name": "Federation Tower (East Tower)", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q94193", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 373.7, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 93, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2016, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "moscow", "country": "RU", "coordinates": { "lat": 55.7497694, "lon": 37.5371389 }, "architect": [ "Sergei Tchoban , Peter Schweger" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Thornton Tomasetti" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Renaissance Construction Company" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 67, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "federation-tower-east-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Federation_Tower_in_July_2016.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Igor3188", "width": 597, "height": 1053, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94193", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikipedia" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Federation Tower (East Tower) is a completed building in Moscow. Its sourced architectural height is 373.7 metres, with 93 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2016.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Moscow", "country_name": "Russia", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "dalian-international-trade-center", "name": "Dalian International Trade Center", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q2673004", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 370.2, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 86, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2019, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dalian", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 38.91961111111111, "lon": 121.633 }, "architect": [ "Dalian Architectural Design & Research Institute" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Shanghai Construction Group" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "dalian-international-trade-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dalian_International_Trade_Center,_Aug2018_(cropped).jpg", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "author": "xiquinhosilva", "width": 1027, "height": 2430, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2673004", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalian_International_Trade_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Dalian International Trade Center is a completed building in Dalian. Its sourced architectural height is 370.2 metres, with 86 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2019.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dalian", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "kempinski-the-boulevard-dubai", "name": "Kempinski The Boulevard Dubai", "aka": [ "Address Boulevard" ], "wikidata": "Q7712376", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 370, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 73, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2017, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.200909, "lon": 55.27623 }, "architect": [ "Atkins (concept) NORR Group Consultants International Ltd. (schematic, detailed design & record)" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": "Emaar Development", "contractor": [ "Brookfield Multiplex" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7712376", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempinski_The_Boulevard_Dubai", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "developer": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Kempinski The Boulevard Dubai is a completed building in Dubai. Its sourced architectural height is 370 metres, with 73 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2017.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "shanghai-international-trade-center-tower-1", "name": "Shanghai International Trade Center Tower 1", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q16923150", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 370, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 70, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2025, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shanghai", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 31.196, "lon": 121.43 }, "architect": [ "Pelli Clarke & Partners East China Architectural Design & Research Institute" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Shanghai Construction Group" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "shanghai-international-trade-center-tower-1.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XuJiaHui-Complexe_Shanghai_ITC_(cropped).jpg", "license": "CC0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "author": "ShanghaiDream", "width": 1600, "height": 2663, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16923150", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xujiahui_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikipedia" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Shanghai International Trade Center Tower 1 is a completed building in Shanghai. Its sourced architectural height is 370 metres, with 70 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2025.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shanghai", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "haitian-center-tower-2", "name": "Haitian Center Tower 2", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q29837420", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 368.9, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 73, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2021, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "qingdao", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 36.05639, "lon": 120.36472 }, "architect": [ "Archilier Architecture" ], "structural_engineer": [ "CCDI Group<" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China Construction Eighth Engineering Division" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "haitian-center-tower-2.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qingdao_Haitian_Center_in_June_2021.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Vitsuha", "width": 432, "height": 769, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29837420", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Center_Tower_2", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikipedia" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Haitian Center Tower 2 is a completed building in Qingdao. Its sourced architectural height is 368.9 metres, with 73 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2021.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Qingdao", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "golden-eagle-tiandi-tower-a", "name": "Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower A", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q19458573", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 368.1, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 77, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2019, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "nanjing", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 32.026, "lon": 118.7348 }, "architect": [], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "golden-eagle-tiandi-tower-a.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:南京河西金鹰大楼.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "西安兵马俑", "width": 1600, "height": 2133, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19458573", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Eagle_Tiandi_Tower_A", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower A is a completed building in Nanjing. Its sourced architectural height is 368.1 metres, with 77 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2019.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Nanjing", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "bank-of-china-tower", "name": "Bank of China Tower", "aka": [ "BOC Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q214855", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 367.4, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 72, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 1990, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "hong-kong", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.279166666667, "lon": 114.16138888889 }, "architect": [ "I. M. Pei & Partners Sherman Kung & Associates Architects Ltd. Thomas Boada S.L." ], "structural_engineer": [ "Leslie E. Robertson Associates RLLP" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "HKC (Holdings) Ltd Kumagai HK" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 49, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "bank-of-china-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HK_Bank_of_China_Tower_2008_(2).jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "WiNG", "width": 738, "height": 1308, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214855", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_China_Tower_(Hong_Kong)", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Bank of China Tower is a completed building in Hong Kong. Its sourced architectural height is 367.4 metres, with 72 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 1990.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Hong Kong", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "bank-of-america-tower", "name": "Bank of America Tower", "aka": [ "Bank of America Tower at One Bryant Park", "One Bryant Park", "1 Bryant Park" ], "wikidata": "Q328505", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 365.8, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 55, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2009, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "new-york-city", "country": "US", "coordinates": { "lat": 40.755278, "lon": -73.984167 }, "architect": [ "Cookfox Adamson Associates" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Severud Associates" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Tishman Construction Corporation" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 48, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "bank-of-america-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bank_of_America_Tower_-_2025_(54821833478).jpg", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "author": "ajay_suresh", "width": 1600, "height": 2844, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328505", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_America_Tower_(Manhattan)", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Bank of America Tower is a completed building in New York City. Its sourced architectural height is 365.8 metres, with 55 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2009.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "New York City", "country_name": "United States", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "st-regis-chicago", "name": "St. Regis Chicago", "aka": [ "Wanda Vista Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q19817578", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 362.9, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 101, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2020, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "chicago", "country": "US", "coordinates": { "lat": 41.887222, "lon": -87.617222 }, "architect": [ "Studio Gang Architects" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "McHugh Construction" ], "structural_system": null, "material": "concrete_steel", "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "st-regis-chicago.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:St_Regis_Chicago.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Rgottlieb310", "width": 400, "height": 825, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19817578", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Regis_Chicago", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "material": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "St. Regis Chicago is a completed building in Chicago. Its sourced architectural height is 362.9 metres, with 101 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2020.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Chicago", "country_name": "United States", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "city-tower-1", "name": "City Tower One", "aka": [], "wikidata": null, "ctbuh_id": 35099, "kind": "building", "type": "residential", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 362.8, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 94, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2026, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": null, "architect": [ "Pelli Clarke & Partners" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ctbuh", "label": "Skyscraper Center: City Tower One, individually checked", "url": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/city-tower-one/35099" }, { "id": "architect", "label": "Pelli Clarke & Partners: City Tower One", "url": "https://pcparch.com/work/city-tower-1" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "ranking-list" ], "type": [ "ctbuh" ], "status": [ "ctbuh" ], "city": [ "ranking-list" ], "country": [ "ranking-list" ], "summary": [ "ctbuh" ], "floors_above": [ "ctbuh" ], "completed": [ "ctbuh" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ctbuh" ], "architect": [ "architect" ] }, "summary": "City Tower One is a completed residential skyscraper in Dubai. The Skyscraper Center records an architectural height of 362.8 metres, 94 floors and completion in 2026.", "notes": "City Tower 1 is also published at 358 metres and with a 2025 construction milestone. This ranking uses the Skyscraper Center architectural height and completion year. A Wikidata building identifier has not been confirmed; it is left null rather than guessed.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "almas-tower", "name": "Almas Tower", "aka": [ "Diamond Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q838780", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 360, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 68, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2008, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.06883, "lon": 55.14113 }, "architect": [ "Atkins Middle East" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Atkins Middle East" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Taisei Corporation" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 35, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838780", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almas_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Almas Tower is a completed building in Dubai. Its sourced architectural height is 360 metres, with 68 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2008.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "ping-an-finance-center-tower-1", "name": "Ping An Finance Center Tower 1", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q98071476", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 360, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 62, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2023, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "jinan", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 36.667613888889, "lon": 117.09821944444 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China Construction Eighth Building Group" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "ping-an-finance-center-tower-1.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ping_An_Finance_Center_Jinan_2023.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "author": "Percival Kestreltail", "width": 1280, "height": 2559, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98071476", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping_An_Finance_Center_Tower_1", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Ping An Finance Center Tower 1 is a completed building in Jinan. Its sourced architectural height is 360 metres, with 62 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2023.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Jinan", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "huiyun-center", "name": "Huiyun Center", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q109039173", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 359.2, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 80, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2023, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shenzhen", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.5269083333333, "lon": 113.965341666667 }, "architect": [ "Shenzhen Aube Architectural Engineering Design" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China Construction Third Building Group" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "huiyun-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SHENZHEN_BAY_(DEEP_BAY)_(4)_(cropped).jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Dinkun Chen", "width": 674, "height": 873, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109039173", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huiyun_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Huiyun Center is a completed building in Shenzhen. Its sourced architectural height is 359.2 metres, with 80 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2023.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shenzhen", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "hanking-center", "name": "Hanking Center", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q18348250", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 358.9, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 65, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2018, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shenzhen", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.54348, "lon": 113.93164 }, "architect": [ "Morphosis" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Halvorson and Partners" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "hanking-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hanking_Center2021.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Charlie fong", "width": 1600, "height": 2845, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348250", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanking_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Hanking Center is a completed building in Shenzhen. Its sourced architectural height is 358.9 metres, with 65 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2018.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shenzhen", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "gevora-hotel", "name": "Gevora Hotel", "aka": [ "Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q401098", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "hotel", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 356.3, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 75, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2017, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.2125, "lon": 55.277222222222 }, "architect": [], "structural_engineer": [ "Gulf Engineering & Consultants" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "• Al Fara'a General Contracting • Naresco Contracting • Caterpillar Contracting" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q401098", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gevora_Hotel", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Gevora Hotel is a completed building in Dubai. Its sourced architectural height is 356.3 metres, with 75 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2017.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "galaxy-world-tower-1", "name": "Galaxy World Tower 1", "aka": [ "Galaxy Project Tower 1" ], "wikidata": "Q113006408", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 356, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 71, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2023, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shenzhen", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.6075, "lon": 114.05722222222222 }, "architect": [ "AECOM YuQiang & Partners" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China Construction Second Engineering Division Shanghai Construction Group" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "galaxy-world-tower-1.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SZ_深圳_Shenzhen_龍崗_Longgang_雅星路_Yaxing_Road_星河世界_Galaxy_World_office_buildings_October_2023_R12S_01.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "URAIRSIDE PASTEE Harma Laum", "width": 1600, "height": 2133, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113006408", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhen_Galaxy_Twin_Towers", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Galaxy World Tower 1 is a completed building in Shenzhen. Its sourced architectural height is 356 metres, with 71 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2023.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shenzhen", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "galaxy-world-tower-2", "name": "Galaxy World Tower 2", "aka": [ "Galaxy Project Tower 2" ], "wikidata": "Q113006416", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 356, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 71, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2023, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shenzhen", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.607416666666666, "lon": 114.05580555555555 }, "architect": [ "AECOM YuQiang & Partners" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "China Construction Second Engineering Division Shanghai Construction Group" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "galaxy-world-tower-2.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SZ_深圳_Shenzhen_龍崗_Longgang_雅星路_Yaxing_Road_星河世界_Galaxy_World_office_buildings_October_2023_R12S_01.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "URAIRSIDE PASTEE Harma Laum", "width": 1600, "height": 2133, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113006416", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhen_Galaxy_Twin_Towers", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Galaxy World Tower 2 is a completed building in Shenzhen. Its sourced architectural height is 356 metres, with 71 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2023.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shenzhen", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "il-primo-tower", "name": "Il Primo Tower", "aka": [ "Il Primo Dubai" ], "wikidata": "Q113660049", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "residential", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 356, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 79, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2022, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.19638888888889, "lon": 55.272 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox (KFP)" ], "structural_engineer": [ "WSP Middle East Doka GmbH" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "TAV Construction" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113660049", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Primo_Dubai", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Il Primo Tower is a completed building in Dubai. Its sourced architectural height is 356 metres, with 79 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2022.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "jw-marriott-marquis-dubai-tower-1", "name": "JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Tower 1", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q24061819", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "hotel", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 355.4, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 82, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2012, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.186, "lon": 55.25844444444444 }, "architect": [ "Archgroup Consultants" ], "structural_engineer": [ "BG&E" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Brookfield Multiplex" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24061819", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JW_Marriott_Marquis_Dubai", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Tower 1 is a completed building in Dubai. Its sourced architectural height is 355.4 metres, with 82 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2012.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "jw-marriott-marquis-dubai-tower-2", "name": "JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Tower 2", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q24061869", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "hotel", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 355.4, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 82, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2013, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.185305555555555, "lon": 55.257777777777775 }, "architect": [ "Archgroup Consultants" ], "structural_engineer": [ "BG&E" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Brookfield Multiplex" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24061869", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JW_Marriott_Marquis_Dubai", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Tower 2 is a completed building in Dubai. Its sourced architectural height is 355.4 metres, with 82 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2013.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "emirates-office-tower", "name": "Emirates Office Tower", "aka": [ "Emirates Tower One" ], "wikidata": "Q845182", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 354.6, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 54, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2000, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.2175, "lon": 55.283333333333 }, "architect": [ "Hazel W.S. Wong Norr Group Consultants Int. Ltd." ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 17, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845182", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Office_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Emirates Office Tower is a completed building in Dubai. Its sourced architectural height is 354.6 metres, with 54 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2000.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "raffles-city-chongqing-t3n", "name": "Raffles City Chongqing T3N", "aka": [ "Raffles City Chongqing" ], "wikidata": "Q55908607", "component": "raffles-city-chongqing-t3n", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 354.5, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 79, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2019, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "chongqing", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 29.568222222222, "lon": 106.58375 }, "architect": [ "Moshe Safdie" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "raffles-city-chongqing-t3n.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Raffles_City_Chongqing_2019-9.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Junyi Lou", "width": 1600, "height": 1357, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55908607", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_City_Chongqing", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Raffles City Chongqing T3N is a completed building in Chongqing. Its sourced architectural height is 354.5 metres, with 79 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2019.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level. The Wikidata identifier is shared by the complex; the component field identifies this individual tower.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Chongqing", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "raffles-city-chongqing-t4n", "name": "Raffles City Chongqing T4N", "aka": [ "Raffles City Chongqing" ], "wikidata": "Q55908607", "component": "raffles-city-chongqing-t4n", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 354.5, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 74, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2019, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "chongqing", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 29.568222222222, "lon": 106.58375 }, "architect": [ "Moshe Safdie" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "raffles-city-chongqing-t4n.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Raffles_City_Chongqing_2019-9.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Junyi Lou", "width": 1600, "height": 1357, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55908607", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_City_Chongqing", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Raffles City Chongqing T4N is a completed building in Chongqing. Its sourced architectural height is 354.5 metres, with 74 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2019.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level. The Wikidata identifier is shared by the complex; the component field identifies this individual tower.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Chongqing", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "oko-south-tower", "name": "OKO – South Tower", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q4332610", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 354.2, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 90, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2015, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "moscow", "country": "RU", "coordinates": { "lat": 55.7495778, "lon": 37.5343583 }, "architect": [ "Skidmore, Owings and Merrill" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Skidmore, Owings and Merrill" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "oko-south-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oko_towers1.jpg", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "author": "mos.ru", "width": 195, "height": 338, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4332610", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OKO", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikipedia" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "OKO – South Tower is a completed building in Moscow. Its sourced architectural height is 354.2 metres, with 90 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2015.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Moscow", "country_name": "Russia", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "cbrt-tower", "name": "CBRT Tower", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q131388493", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 352, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 59, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2024, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "istanbul", "country": "TR", "coordinates": { "lat": 41.002, "lon": 29.11048 }, "architect": [ "Vizzion Mimarlik" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131388493", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBRT_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "CBRT Tower is a completed building in Istanbul. Its sourced architectural height is 352 metres, with 59 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2024.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Istanbul", "country_name": "Turkey", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "the-marina-torch", "name": "The Marina Torch", "aka": [ "Dubai Torch", "The Torch" ], "wikidata": "Q1808317", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "residential", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 352, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 86, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2011, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "dubai", "country": "AE", "coordinates": { "lat": 25.088055555555556, "lon": 55.1475 }, "architect": [ "Khatib and Alami National Engineering Bureau" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Dubai Civil Engineering" ], "structural_system": null, "material": "concrete", "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1808317", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Marina_Torch", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "material": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "The Marina Torch is a completed building in Dubai. Its sourced architectural height is 352 metres, with 86 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2011.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Dubai", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "forum-66-tower-1", "name": "Forum 66 Tower 1", "aka": [ "Forum 66 Tower 1" ], "wikidata": "Q111669486", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 350.6, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 68, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2015, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "shenyang", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 41.79944444444445, "lon": 123.4275 }, "architect": [ "Kohn Pedersen Fox" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "forum-66-tower-1.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Forum_66,_Shenyang,_Oct2014.png", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Dr. 2000", "width": 250, "height": 600, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111669486", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_66", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Forum 66 Tower 1 is a completed building in Shenyang. Its sourced architectural height is 350.6 metres, with 68 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2015.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Shenyang", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "the-pinnacle", "name": "The Pinnacle", "aka": [ "Grand International Mansion" ], "wikidata": "Q139815", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 350.3, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 60, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2012, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "guangzhou", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 23.1278, "lon": 113.318 }, "architect": [ "Guangzhou Hanhua Architects & Engineers" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Guangzhou Hanhua Architects & Engineers" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Guangzhou Municipal Construction Group JV" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "the-pinnacle.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:花城汇_音乐喷泉_(2013-10-26)_-_panoramio_Pinnacle(cropped).jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0", "author": "科技小辛", "width": 658, "height": 1185, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139815", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pinnacle_(Guangzhou)", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "ranking-list" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "The Pinnacle is a completed building in Guangzhou. Its sourced architectural height is 350.3 metres, with 60 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2012.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Guangzhou", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "xi-an-glory-international-financial-center", "name": "Xi'an Glory International Financial Center", "aka": [ "Xi An Glory International Financial Center" ], "wikidata": "Q30766281", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 350, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 75, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2021, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "xi-an", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 34.1947, "lon": 108.87786 }, "architect": [], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "xi-an-glory-international-financial-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20230925_Xi'an_Financial_Center.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "Windmemories", "width": 1200, "height": 1800, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30766281", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi'an_Glory_International_Financial_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikidata" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ] }, "summary": "Xi'an Glory International Financial Center is a completed building in Xi'an. Its sourced architectural height is 350 metres, with 75 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2021.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Xi'an", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "spring-city-66", "name": "Spring City 66", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q18392459", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 349, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 61, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2019, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "kunming", "country": "CN", "coordinates": null, "architect": [], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "spring-city-66.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:昆明恒隆广场_-_航拍_-_2025-05-16_02.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "瑞丽江的河水", "width": 1600, "height": 2844, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18392459", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_City_66", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Spring City 66 is a completed building in Kunming. Its sourced architectural height is 349 metres, with 61 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2019.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Kunming", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "85-sky-tower", "name": "85 Sky Tower", "aka": [ "Tuntex Sky Tower" ], "wikidata": "Q337631", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "mixed_use", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 347.5, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 85, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 1997, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "kaohsiung", "country": "TW", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.611666666667, "lon": 120.3 }, "architect": [ "C.Y. Lee" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Evergreen Consulting Engineering" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 54, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "85-sky-tower.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaohsiung_Taiwan_Kaohsiung-85-Building-01.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "author": "CEphoto, Uwe Aranas", "width": 1600, "height": 2844, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337631", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/85_Sky_Tower", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikipedia" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "85 Sky Tower is a completed building in Kaohsiung. Its sourced architectural height is 347.5 metres, with 85 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 1997.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Kaohsiung", "country_name": "Taiwan", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "aon-center", "name": "Aon Center", "aka": [ "Amoco Building", "Standard Oil Building", "Big Stan" ], "wikidata": "Q271695", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 346.3, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 83, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 1973, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "chicago", "country": "US", "coordinates": { "lat": 41.885277777778, "lon": -87.621388888889 }, "architect": [ "Edward Durell Stone" ], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Turner Construction" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 50, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "aon-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aon_Center_in_Chicago_May_2016.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "MusikAnimal", "width": 1600, "height": 2400, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271695", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aon_Center_(Chicago)", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikipedia" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Aon Center is a completed building in Chicago. Its sourced architectural height is 346.3 metres, with 83 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 1973.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Chicago", "country_name": "United States", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "the-center", "name": "The Center", "aka": [], "wikidata": "Q130478", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "office", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 346, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 73, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 1998, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "hong-kong", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 22.284722222222, "lon": 114.15444444444 }, "architect": [ "Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man Architects & Engineers (HK) Ltd." ], "structural_engineer": [ "Maunsell AECOM Group" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Paul Y – ITC Construction" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": 41, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "the-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Center_2018.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 2.5", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5", "author": "Baycrest", "width": 1152, "height": 2048, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130478", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikipedia" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "The Center is a completed building in Hong Kong. Its sourced architectural height is 346 metres, with 73 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 1998.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Hong Kong", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "neva-towers-2", "name": "Neva Towers 2", "aka": [ "Neva Towers" ], "wikidata": "Q21026850", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 345, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 79, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2020, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "moscow", "country": "RU", "coordinates": { "lat": 55.75138889, "lon": 37.53444444 }, "architect": [], "structural_engineer": [], "developer": null, "contractor": [ "Rönesans Holding" ], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "neva-towers-2.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neva_Towers_2022(cropped).jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "author": "kishjar?", "width": 766, "height": 1362, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21026850", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neva_Towers", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikipedia" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Neva Towers 2 is a completed building in Moscow. Its sourced architectural height is 345 metres, with 79 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2020.", "notes": "Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level. This entry is Tower 2, not the whole Neva Towers complex. The shared project source covers both towers.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Moscow", "country_name": "Russia", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "875-north-michigan-avenue", "name": "875 North Michigan Avenue", "aka": [ "John Hancock Center", "Hancock Center" ], "wikidata": "Q217727", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 344, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 100, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 1969, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "chicago", "country": "US", "coordinates": { "lat": 41.898889, "lon": -87.623056 }, "architect": [ "Bruce Graham & Fazlur Rahman Khan Skidmore, Owings and Merrill" ], "structural_engineer": [ "Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM)" ], "developer": "John Hancock Insurance", "contractor": [ "Tishman Construction Co." ], "structural_system": null, "material": "steel", "elevators": 50, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "875-north-michigan-avenue.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chicago_in_2022_John_Hancock_Center_(52054925135).jpg", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "author": "Chris Rycroft from Madison, Wisconsin, United States", "width": 1600, "height": 2400, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217727", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hancock_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "developer": [ "wikidata" ], "material": [ "wikidata" ], "elevators": [ "wikidata" ], "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikipedia" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ], "contractor": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "875 North Michigan Avenue is a completed building in Chicago. Its sourced architectural height is 344 metres, with 100 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 1969.", "notes": "The Wikipedia architectural-height figure is rounded to 344 metres. Antennas are excluded. Directory record added 9 September 2026; full independent field review pending.", "updated": "2026-09-16", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Chicago", "country_name": "United States", "engineering": null }, { "slug": "xiamen-international-center", "name": "Xiamen International Center", "aka": [ "Xiamen International Centre" ], "wikidata": "Q15855239", "ctbuh_id": null, "kind": "building", "type": "unknown", "status": "completed", "height_architectural_m": 343.9, "height_tip_m": null, "height_occupied_m": null, "height_observation_m": null, "floors_above": 68, "floors_below": null, "started": null, "topped_out": null, "completed": 2025, "demolished": null, "inception": null, "city": "xiamen", "country": "CN", "coordinates": { "lat": 24.467512, "lon": 118.070599 }, "architect": [ "Gensler" ], "structural_engineer": [ "ISA Architecture" ], "developer": null, "contractor": [], "structural_system": null, "material": null, "elevators": null, "floor_area_m2": null, "cost_usd": null, "cost_year": null, "records": [], "metric_history": [], "images": [ { "file": "xiamen-international-center.webp", "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xiamen_International_Center.jpg", "license": "CC BY-SA 2.5", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5", "author": "Baycrest", "width": 1200, "height": 1800, "changes": "Downloaded from Wikimedia Commons, resized and converted to WebP. Display crop varies with viewport." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "label": "Wikidata open-data record", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15855239", "license": "CC0-1.0" }, { "id": "wikipedia", "label": "Wikipedia: building and project facts", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen_International_Center", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" }, { "id": "ranking-list", "label": "Wikipedia: architectural-height list, reviewed September 2026", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings", "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0" } ], "citations": { "kind": [ "wikipedia" ], "type": [ "wikipedia" ], "status": [ "wikipedia" ], "city": [ "wikipedia" ], "country": [ "wikipedia" ], "summary": [ "wikipedia" ], "floors_above": [ "wikipedia" ], "completed": [ "wikipedia" ], "height_architectural_m": [ "wikipedia" ], "coordinates": [ "wikidata" ], "architect": [ "wikipedia" ], "structural_engineer": [ "wikipedia" ] }, "summary": "Xiamen International Center is a completed building in Xiamen. Its sourced architectural height is 343.9 metres, with 68 above-ground floors and a listed completion year of 2025.", "notes": "Wikidata contains other height values. The ranking uses the explicitly identified architectural height in the linked measurement source; tip, roof and proposal heights are not interchangeable. Directory record added 9 September 2026. The original top-ten engineering dossiers have a deeper independent review; this record does not claim that same verification level.", "updated": "2026-09-09", "verification": { "state": "pending", "checked": [], "notes": [ "Sourced directory record; full independent field review pending." ] }, "city_name": "Xiamen", "country_name": "China", "engineering": null } ] }