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601 metres tall, Makkah Royal Clock Tower is a mixed-use skyscraper in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It ranks number 4 among the world's tallest completed buildings by architectural height. [2]
| Architectural height | 601 m1,972 ft |
| Height to tip | 601 m1,972 ft |
| Highest occupied floor | Not confirmed |
| Observation deck | Not confirmed |
| Floors above ground | 120 |
| Floors below ground | 3 |
| Completed | 2012 |
This record covers the main clock tower, not every building in the Abraj Al Bait complex. The 2012 occupancy milestone is distinguished from reports of construction completion in 2011. See source ↗
Design, structure and construction.
Technical sources reviewed 9 September 2026.
A concrete tower that becomes progressively lighter toward its clock and crown.
The lower tower uses reinforced concrete. Above approximately 347 metres, steel-concrete composite construction reduces self-weight; above 513 metres, the upper structure is steel. The lateral system changes from core walls to a lighter trussed tube, following the demands of the increasingly slender crown.
Read the technical source ↗SL Rasch was commissioned after the underlying hotel towers had already been structurally calculated. The clock addition therefore had a weight constraint. Four V-shaped supports carry the upper assembly, converging into the spire structure. Composite steel and concrete sections provide capacity while controlling dead load.
Read the technical source ↗The specialist engineering scope extended beyond the permanent frame to erection planning, fabrication quality control and temporary crane supports. Both internal and external climbing cranes required engineered bracing. The transition between concrete, composite and steel construction made connection detailing and erection-stage stability central to delivery.
Read the technical source ↗The clock hands use carbon-fibre shells, with stiffness supplied by their skins. The 23-metre crescent is a self-supporting fibre-composite structure. Using these materials limits the mass of large components exposed to wind at the top of the building.
Read the technical source ↗Design architects, engineers and construction firms have different responsibilities. Credits identify the published role on this project.
Explore architects & builders ↗Height bars use the same scale. They do not represent building shape. Measurement source ↗
Record updated 2026-09-24. Sources can differ on height categories, floor counts and completion milestones. Read our methodology.
Directory record updated . Most recent recorded field check: . Updating the page does not re-verify every fact.
| Checked | Field | Evidence and decision |
|---|---|---|
| height architectural m | Compared the retrieved sources and retained the explicit height category. | |
| status | Compared the retrieved sources and retained the explicit height category. | |
| completed | Occupancy-completion year distinguished from structural work. |
These notes predate this visible log. Their original change dates are not reconstructed.
Earlier record edits may not have a complete audit trail. Read the methodology and correction policy ↗
Makkah Royal Clock Tower reaches 601 metres (1,972 feet) by architectural height, with a tip height of 601 metres.
It was completed in 2012.
Makkah Royal Clock Tower stands in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
It has 120 above-ground floors and 3 below ground.