Compare the engineering

Choose two to four completed towers. Compare height on a shared scale, then explore the systems and teams behind them.

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149.1 metres taller

Difference compares the first two selections. All visible bars share the same scale.

828 mBurj Khalifa 678.9 mMerdeka 118

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Building facts and credited project teams
Compare	Burj Khalifa	Merdeka 118	Shanghai Tower	Makkah Royal Clock Tower
Architectural height	828	678.9	632	601
Above-ground floors	163	118	128	120
Completed	2010	2023	2015	2012
Country	United Arab Emirates	Malaysia	China	Saudi Arabia
Structural system	SOM arranged three concrete wings around a six-sided core.	High-performance concrete in the core and mega-columns works with three sets of three-storey-deep outriggers.	A concrete core approximately 27 metres square connects through outrigger trusses to super-columns.	The lower tower uses reinforced concrete.
Architects & roles	Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (Architecture and structural design)	Fender Katsalidis (Design architect); RSP Architects (Architect of record)	Gensler (Design architect)	Dar Al-Handasah (Tower architecture and engineering); SL Rasch (Clock tower top design)
Builders	Samsung C&T; BESIX / Six Construct; Arabtec	Samsung C&T; UEM Builders	Shanghai Construction Group	Saudi Binladin Group
Sources & profile	Building record ↗ Project source ↗ Full profile & team credits ↗	Building record ↗ Project source ↗ Full profile & team credits ↗	Building record ↗ Project source ↗ Full profile & team credits ↗	Building record ↗ Project source ↗ Full profile & team credits ↗

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